Willis Sherry L, Jay Gina M, Diehl Manfred, Marsiske Michael
Res Aging. 1992 Mar 1;14(1):68-91. doi: 10.1177/0164027592141004.
The present study examined longitudinal change in everyday task competence in a sample of 102 community-dwelling older adults from central Pennsylvania. Subjects were assessed on cognitive abilities, intellectual control beliefs, and everyday task competence in 1979 and 1986. The results indicated significant mean level decline on everyday task competence. However, wide individual differences were apparent in the timing and rate of decline; 62% of the sample remained stable or improved in competence over this seven-year period. Structural equation analyses were conducted to examine lagged relationships among the ability, intellectual control, and everyday task competence constructs. Fluid reasoning ability was a significant longitudinal predictor of subsequent everyday task competence. Everyday task competence was a significant longitudinal predictor of subsequent self-efficacy beliefs regarding intellectual aging. The results suggest that mean level decline in everyday task competence may not represent the intraindividual developmental trajectory of many subjects. Prior level of fluid ability influences subsequent everyday task competence, and prior level of everyday task competence influences levels of self-efficacy beliefs.
本研究考察了宾夕法尼亚州中部102名居住在社区的老年人样本在日常任务能力方面的纵向变化。1979年和1986年对受试者进行了认知能力、智力控制信念和日常任务能力评估。结果表明，日常任务能力平均水平显著下降。然而，在下降的时间和速度上存在明显的个体差异；62%的样本在这七年期间能力保持稳定或有所提高。进行了结构方程分析，以检验能力、智力控制和日常任务能力结构之间的滞后关系。流体推理能力是后续日常任务能力的重要纵向预测指标。日常任务能力是后续关于智力老化的自我效能信念的重要纵向预测指标。结果表明，日常任务能力的平均水平下降可能并不代表许多受试者的个体内部发展轨迹。先前的流体能力水平会影响后续的日常任务能力，而先前的日常任务能力水平会影响自我效能信念水平。
