Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany.
J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Jun;8(6):1159-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03815.x. Epub 2010 Feb 17.
New scientific models have been established in the past few years to identify novel factors of hemostasis and thrombosis and to analyze their function in greater detail. One fairly new animal model is the zebrafish, Danio rerio, which shares most of the central factors of platelet adhesion, activation, aggregation and release reaction with humans. Examples include GPIIb-IIIa, many other integrins, coagulation factors, inflammatory and cytokine-like proteins as well as arachidonic acid metabolism enzymes. Yet the zebrafish genome has undergone a teleost-specific genome duplication, causing the existence of duplicated paralogues in some instances, and a few genes have not been identified in the zebrafish genome. Taken together the high fecundity of the zebrafish, the possibility to observe transparent developing embryos in real time, the availability of a large number of mutants and transgenics as well as the possibility to knock down gene function by microinjection of morpholino antisense oligonucleotides and the similarity of the hemostatic system are important assets of the zebrafish, promising that it will be an attractive model to study thrombocyte function, thrombosis and hemostasis. This review provides an overview of the central factors of thrombocyte function identified so far in the zebrafish genome and a compilation of methods and tools available for the study of thrombocyte development and function in zebrafish.
在过去的几年中，已经建立了新的科学模型来识别新的止血和血栓形成因素，并更详细地分析它们的功能。一个相当新的动物模型是斑马鱼，Danio rerio，它与人共享血小板黏附、激活、聚集和释放反应的大多数中心因素。例如，包括 GpIIb-IIIa、许多其他整合素、凝血因子、炎症和细胞因子样蛋白以及花生四烯酸代谢酶。然而，斑马鱼的基因组经历了硬骨鱼特异性基因组复制，导致某些情况下存在重复的同源基因，并且在斑马鱼基因组中尚未鉴定出一些基因。总之，斑马鱼的高繁殖力、实时观察透明发育胚胎的可能性、大量突变体和转基因的可用性、通过显微注射的方法敲低基因功能的可能性以及止血系统的相似性是斑马鱼的重要资产，有望成为研究血小板功能、血栓形成和止血的有吸引力的模型。这篇综述概述了迄今为止在斑马鱼基因组中鉴定出的血小板功能的中心因素，并汇编了用于研究斑马鱼血小板发育和功能的方法和工具。
