School of Physical Education, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010 Feb 7;7:15. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-7-15.
At exercise intensities around ventilatory threshold (VT), the extent to which individuals experience pleasure or displeasure from the exercise varies between individuals. One source of this variability is proposed to be the cognitive appraisal that occurs during the exercise which influences the generation of the affective response. When individuals self-select their own intensity they choose to exercise around VT and experience more positive affective responses, again the explanation being that cognitive appraisal processes influence the choice of intensity and resulting affective response. However, the specific factors that comprise this appraisal process have not been thoroughly explored. In addition, it is not clear if activity status influences this appraisal and different cognitive factors play a role in the generation of affective responses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the cognitive factors that influence the affective response experienced during prescribed and self-selected intensity exercise in low-active and high-active women.
Seventeen low-active and 15 high-active women (M age = 45 years, SD = 10) completed a graded exercise test and two 30 min bouts of treadmill exercise, one at a self-selected intensity and one prescribed at an intensity around VT. Using 'think aloud' procedures, every five min, the women were asked to provide an affective response and explain the thought processes that caused them to report that affective response. Using inductive content analysis, the verbal reports provided by the women were analysed for key themes and categories that emerged as explaining the factors that underpinned the generation of the affective response. Data from the low-active and high-active women were analysed separately.
Concepts relating to pre-exercise affective state, perceptions of ability, immediate and anticipated outcomes, attentional focus and perceptions of control emerged. The physiological demands of the exercise stimulus influenced affective responses through themes related to the interpretation of physiological symptoms and the physiological state of the body. No thematic differences emerged between high-active and low-active women.
Results highlight the complex interaction of psychological and physiological influences in producing an affective response to exercise and provide insight into how exercise can be structured to elicit positive affective responses.
在接近呼吸阈（VT）的运动强度下，个体对运动的愉悦或不适程度因人而异。这种变异性的一个来源被认为是运动过程中发生的认知评价，它影响情感反应的产生。当个体自我选择强度时，他们选择在 VT 周围进行运动，并体验到更积极的情感反应，解释是认知评价过程影响强度选择和由此产生的情感反应。然而，组成这种评价过程的具体因素尚未得到充分探索。此外，尚不清楚活动状态是否会影响这种评价，以及不同的认知因素在情感反应的产生中发挥作用。因此，本研究的目的是探讨影响低活跃和高活跃女性在规定和自我选择强度运动中体验到的情感反应的认知因素。
17 名低活跃和 15 名高活跃女性（M 年龄=45 岁，SD=10）完成了递增负荷运动测试和两次 30 分钟的跑步机运动，一次在自我选择的强度，一次在 VT 左右的规定强度。通过“出声思维”程序，每 5 分钟，女性被要求提供情感反应，并解释导致她们报告该情感反应的思维过程。使用归纳内容分析，对女性提供的口头报告进行分析，以确定解释产生情感反应的因素的关键主题和类别。分别对低活跃和高活跃女性的数据进行分析。
出现了与运动前的情感状态、能力感知、即时和预期结果、注意力焦点和控制感知相关的概念。运动刺激的生理需求通过与生理症状的解释和身体的生理状态相关的主题影响情感反应。高活跃和低活跃女性之间没有出现主题差异。
结果强调了心理和生理影响在产生运动情感反应方面的复杂相互作用，并提供了关于如何构建运动以引起积极情感反应的见解。
