The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Mar;10(3):159-69. doi: 10.1038/nri2710.
Humans harbour nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria that are essential for health. Millions of years of co-evolution have moulded this human-microorganism interaction into a symbiotic relationship in which gut bacteria make essential contributions to human nutrient metabolism and in return occupy a nutrient-rich environment. Although intestinal microorganisms carry out essential functions for their hosts, they pose a constant threat of invasion owing to their sheer numbers and the large intestinal surface area. In this Review, we discuss the unique adaptations of the intestinal immune system that maintain homeostatic interactions with a diverse resident microbiota.
人类肠道内栖息着近 100 万亿种细菌，这些细菌对健康至关重要。数百万年的共同进化使人类与微生物之间形成了一种共生关系，在此关系中，肠道细菌对人类的营养代谢做出了重要贡献，而作为回报，它们也生活在一个营养丰富的环境中。尽管肠道微生物为它们的宿主执行着重要的功能，但由于其数量庞大和大肠表面积较大，它们始终构成入侵的威胁。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肠道免疫系统的独特适应性，这些适应性使其与多样化的常驻微生物群保持着体内平衡的相互作用。
