Burks Jack S, Bigley George Kim, Hill Harry Haydon
Medicine (Neurology), University School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; and Chief Medical Officer, Multiple Sclerosis Association of America (MSAA), Cherry Hill, New Jersey, USA.
Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2009 Oct;12(4):296-306. doi: 10.4103/0972-2327.58273.
While current immunomodulating drugs aim to reduce multiple sclerosis (MS) exacerbations and slow disease progression, rehabilitation aims to improve and maintain the functional abilities of patients in the face of disease progression. An increasing number of journal articles are describing the value of the many rehabilitation interventions that can be used throughout the course of the disease, from the initial symptoms to the advanced stages. An integrated team of healthcare professionals is necessary to address a myriad of problems to reduce impairments, disabilities, and handicaps. The problems may be related to fatigue, weakness, spasticity, mobility, balance, pain, cognition, mood, relationships, bowel, bladder, sexual function, swallowing, speech, transportation, employment, recreation, and activities of daily living (ADL) such as dressing, eating, bathing, and household chores. The team can help prevent complications and secondary disabilities, while increasing patient safety. Improving neurologically related function, maintaining good relationships, and feeling productive and creative adds enormously to the quality of life of people with MS and their families. Rehabilitation is more than an 'extra' service that is given after medical therapies; it is an integral part of the management of the diverse set of problems encountered throughout the course of the disease. An interdisciplinary team may have many members, including physicians, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech and language pathologists, psychotherapists, social workers, recreational therapists, vocational rehabilitation therapists, patients, families, and other caregivers.
虽然目前的免疫调节药物旨在减少多发性硬化症（MS）的发作并减缓疾病进展，但康复的目标是在疾病进展的情况下改善并维持患者的功能能力。越来越多的期刊文章在描述许多康复干预措施的价值，这些措施可在疾病的整个过程中使用，从初始症状到晚期阶段。需要一个由医疗保健专业人员组成的综合团队来解决众多问题，以减少损伤、残疾和障碍。这些问题可能与疲劳、虚弱、痉挛、活动能力、平衡、疼痛、认知、情绪、人际关系、肠道、膀胱、性功能、吞咽、言语、交通、就业、娱乐以及日常生活活动（ADL），如穿衣、进食、洗澡和家务等有关。该团队可以帮助预防并发症和继发性残疾，同时提高患者的安全性。改善神经相关功能、维持良好的人际关系以及感觉有成效和有创造力，会极大地提高MS患者及其家人的生活质量。康复不仅仅是医疗治疗后提供的一项“额外”服务；它是疾病整个过程中所遇到的各种问题管理的一个组成部分。一个跨学科团队可能有许多成员，包括医生、护士、物理治疗师、职业治疗师、言语和语言病理学家、心理治疗师、社会工作者、娱乐治疗师、职业康复治疗师、患者、家庭以及其他护理人员。
