Center for Clinical and Community Research, Children's National Medical Center, USA.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2009 Jul;38(4):576-81. doi: 10.1080/15374410902976346.
The prevalence of children's violence exposure, particularly among ethnic minorities living in urban areas, is troubling. Gender differences in the rates and effects of violence exposure on behavior have been found for older children, and the current study extends this research to preschool-age children. We draw on data collected from a sample of 3- to 5-year-olds born to 230 adolescent African American mothers living in Washington, DC. Girls and boys were exposed to comparable levels of witnessed and directly experienced violence. In contrast to findings from studies of older children, preschool-age boys' and girls' externalizing and internalizing behavior were comparably associated with directly experienced and witnessed violence. These findings highlight the importance of further developmental research to differentiate the effects of violence exposure as children grow older.
儿童遭受暴力的现象普遍存在，尤其是在城市中生活的少数族裔群体中，这令人担忧。研究发现，在较大年龄的儿童中，暴力暴露对行为的影响存在性别差异，本研究将这一研究扩展到了学龄前儿童。我们利用从华盛顿特区的 230 名青少年非裔美国母亲所生的 3 至 5 岁儿童样本中收集的数据进行了研究。女孩和男孩遭受目击和直接经历暴力的程度相当。与对较大年龄儿童的研究结果相反，学龄前男孩和女孩的外化和内化行为与直接经历和目击暴力都有相当的关联。这些发现凸显了进一步开展发展研究的重要性，以区分儿童年龄增长过程中暴力暴露的影响。
