Frampton Richard, Lenard James
Vehicle Safety Research Centre, Loughborough University, UK.
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2009 Oct;53:51-60.
In Europe, emphasis is being transferred from injury prevention to accident prevention to reduce road casualties. This study attempted to identify the current potential for serious casualty reduction using passive safety by examining the crash performance of new cars with seriously injured occupants. The Co-operative Crash Injury Study conducts in-depth investigations of around 1200 vehicles per year from seven sample regions around England. Attention was focussed on passenger cars manufactured from 2004 to 2008 with at least one occupant injured to AIS level 3 or more. 28% of MAIS 3+ occupants were unbelted and 40% were belted but involved in crashes with limited potential for passive protection. A further 32% of occupants were belted and involved in crashes with potential for improved crashworthiness design. For these occupants, five major functional requirements were identified for crashworthiness improvement: a reduction of seatbelt loads on the chest and abdomen in frontal crashes, particularly for seniors; reduction in femur and tibia loads in frontal crashes; provision of head and chest protection in near-side crashes; and reduction of occupant lateral excursion in far-side impacts. Together these functions accounted for 70% of the identified requirements. Other smaller requirements were identified, each contributing up to 5% of total. Overall, the case supporting further developments in passive safety still appears significant.
在欧洲，重点正从预防伤害转向预防事故，以减少道路伤亡。本研究试图通过检查有重伤乘客的新车的碰撞性能，来确定当前利用被动安全措施大幅减少伤亡的潜力。合作碰撞伤害研究每年对英格兰周边七个样本地区的约1200辆车进行深入调查。重点关注2004年至2008年生产的、至少有一名乘客受重伤达到AIS 3级或以上的乘用车。28%的MAIS 3级及以上受伤乘客未系安全带，40%系了安全带，但遭遇的碰撞被动保护潜力有限。另有32%的乘客系了安全带，且遭遇的碰撞具备改进防撞设计的潜力。对于这些乘客，确定了防撞改进的五项主要功能要求：减少正面碰撞中安全带对胸部和腹部的负荷，尤其是对老年人；减少正面碰撞中股骨和胫骨的负荷；在近侧碰撞中提供头部和胸部保护；以及减少远侧碰撞中乘客的横向偏移。这些功能加起来占已确定要求的70%。还确定了其他较小的要求，每项要求占总数的比例最高为5%。总体而言，支持被动安全进一步发展的理由似乎仍然很充分。
