Hampton Carolyn E, Gabler Hampton C
Center for Injury Biomechanics, Virginia Tech, USA.
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2009 Oct;53:91-102.
The change in velocity (delta-V) crash severity metric in the NASS/CDS (National Automotive Sampling System / Crashworthiness Data System) is computed using the WinSmash crash reconstruction code. Beginning in 2008, NASS/CDS investigators have started to use an enhanced version of WinSmash, WinSmash 2008, which features a comprehensive vehicle specific library for over 5000 vehicle make-model-year combinations and updated categorical stiffness values. The use of WinSmash 2008 is expected to greatly improve delta-V estimates. However, there is concern that this may result in a step change in the NASS/CDS delta-V estimates, making it difficult to compare NASS/CDS 2008 with earlier years. A total of 1,808 collisions were recomputed using data from NASS/CDS 2007. The new version of WinSmash shows improved accuracy, but still underpredicts delta-V. The use of WinSmash 2008 increased the delta-V by 7.9% or 1.9 kph on average. The changes in delta-V were not evenly distributed. Delta-V increases were larger for side impacts (8.3%) than for back impacts (5.3%). The calculation type had little effect on the delta-V changes. For vehicles, pickup trucks showed a small increase (3.3%) and utility vehicles increased the most (9.6%). This jump in delta-V may prevent the data from NASS/CDS 2008 and later from being readily aggregated with previous years.
美国国家汽车抽样系统/碰撞安全性数据系统（NASS/CDS）中的速度变化（ΔV）碰撞严重程度指标是使用WinSmash碰撞重建代码计算得出的。从2008年开始，NASS/CDS的调查人员开始使用WinSmash的增强版本WinSmash 2008，它具有一个涵盖5000多种车辆品牌-型号-年份组合的全面的特定车辆库以及更新后的分类刚度值。预计使用WinSmash 2008将大大改进ΔV估计值。然而，有人担心这可能会导致NASS/CDS的ΔV估计值出现阶跃变化，从而难以将2008年的NASS/CDS与早些年份进行比较。使用NASS/CDS 2007的数据对总共1808起碰撞事故进行了重新计算。新版本的WinSmash显示出更高的准确性，但仍低估了ΔV。使用WinSmash 2008使ΔV平均增加了7.9%或1.9公里/小时。ΔV的变化分布并不均匀。侧面碰撞的ΔV增加幅度（8.3%）大于后部碰撞（5.3%）。计算类型对ΔV变化的影响很小。对于车辆而言，皮卡的ΔV增加幅度较小（3.3%），多功能车增加幅度最大（9.6%）。ΔV的这种跃升可能会使2008年及以后的NASS/CDS数据难以与前几年的数据轻松汇总。
