Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Eur Spine J. 2010 Jul;19(7):1104-14. doi: 10.1007/s00586-010-1326-9. Epub 2010 Feb 26.
New spinal implants and surgical procedures are often tested pre-clinically on human cadaver spines. However, the availability of fresh frozen human cadaver material is very limited and alternative animal spines are more easily available in all desired age groups, and have more uniform geometrical and biomechanical properties. The porcine spine is said to be the most representative model for the human spine but a complete anatomical comparison is lacking. The goal of this descriptive study was to compare the anatomical dimensions of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae of the human and porcine spine in order to determine whether the porcine spine can be a representative model for the human spine. CT scans were made of 6 human and 6 porcine spines, and 16 anatomical dimensions were measured per individual vertebrae. Comparisons were made for the absolute values of the dimensions, for the patterns of the dimensions within four spinal regions, and normalised values of the dimensions within each individual vertebra. Similarities were found in vertebral body height, shape of the end-plates, shape of the spinal canal, and pedicle size. Furthermore, regional trends were comparable for all dimensions, except for spinal canal depth and spinous processus angle. The size of the end-plates increased more caudally in the human spine. Relating the dimensions to the size of the vertebral body, similarities were found in the size of the spinal canal, the transverse processus length, and size of the pedicles. Taking scaling differences into account, it is believed that the porcine spine can be a representative anatomical model for the human spine in specific research questions.
新的脊柱植入物和手术程序通常在人体尸体脊柱上进行临床前测试。然而，新鲜冷冻人体尸体材料的可用性非常有限，而替代的动物脊柱在所有所需的年龄组中更容易获得，并且具有更均匀的几何和生物力学特性。猪脊柱被认为是最能代表人类脊柱的模型，但缺乏完整的解剖比较。本描述性研究的目的是比较人类和猪脊柱的颈椎、胸椎和腰椎的解剖学尺寸，以确定猪脊柱是否可以作为人类脊柱的代表模型。对 6 个人类和 6 个猪脊柱进行了 CT 扫描，并对每个个体的每个椎体测量了 16 个解剖学尺寸。对尺寸的绝对值、四个脊柱区域内的尺寸模式以及每个个体椎体内的尺寸归一化值进行了比较。在椎体高度、终板形状、椎管形状和椎弓根大小方面发现了相似之处。此外，除了椎管深度和棘突角度外，所有尺寸的区域趋势都相似。人类脊柱的终板大小在尾部逐渐增大。将尺寸与椎体大小相关联，在椎管大小、横突长度和椎弓根大小方面发现了相似之处。考虑到缩放差异，人们认为猪脊柱可以成为特定研究问题中人类脊柱的代表性解剖模型。
