Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Dev Neurobiol. 2010 Apr;70(5):339-49. doi: 10.1002/dneu.20781.
Neurogenesis is the process by which cells divide, migrate, and subsequently differentiate into a neuronal phenotype. Significant rates of neurogenesis persist into adulthood in two brain regions, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. Cells of the SVZ divide and migrate via the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate into granule and periglomerular cells. With the discovery of large-scale neurogenesis in the adult brain, there have been significant efforts to identify the mechanisms that control this process as well as the role of these cells in neuronal functioning. Neurotrophic factors are a family of molecules that serve critical roles in the survival and differentiation of neurons during development, as well as contribute to continued plasticity throughout life. Several members of the neurotrophin family have been implicated in the control of adult postnatal SVZ neurogenesis. In this review we will address what is currently known regarding neurotrophic factor-dependent control of SVZ neurogenesis and place these findings in the context of what is known regarding other growth factors.
神经发生是指细胞分裂、迁移并随后分化为神经元表型的过程。在两个脑区——齿状回的颗粒下区 (SGZ) 和侧脑室的室下区 (SVZ) 中，成年后仍保持着较高的神经发生速度。SVZ 的细胞通过前脑侧脑室迁移流 (RMS) 分裂和迁移到嗅球 (OB)，并在那里分化为颗粒细胞和肾小球旁细胞。随着成年人大脑内大规模神经发生的发现，人们已经做出了巨大努力来确定控制这一过程的机制以及这些细胞在神经元功能中的作用。神经营养因子是一类分子，在发育过程中对神经元的存活和分化起着至关重要的作用，并有助于终生保持可塑性。神经生长因子家族的几个成员被认为参与了成年新生 SVZ 神经发生的控制。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论目前已知的神经营养因子依赖控制 SVZ 神经发生的情况，并将这些发现置于已知的其他生长因子的背景下。
