婴儿喂养史。
A history of infant feeding.
作者信息
Stevens Emily E, Patrick Thelma E, Pickler Rita
机构信息
EMILY E. STEVENS is a postdoctoral genetics fellow in the School of Nursing at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her fellowship is focused on cleft lip and cleft palate genetics in relation to infant feeding. THELMA PATRICK is an associate professor in the College of Nursing at The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. She is a perinatal clinical nurse specialist with a program of research in reproductive health. RITA PICKLER is Professor and Chair of the Department of Family and Community Health Nursing in the School of Nursing at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. Her research is focused on feeding preterm infants and on improving health outcomes for preterm infants and their mothers.
出版信息
J Perinat Educ. 2009 Spring;18(2):32-9. doi: 10.1624/105812409X426314.
The historical evolution of infant feeding includes wet nursing, the feeding bottle, and formula use. Before the invention of bottles and formula, wet nursing was the safest and most common alternative to the natural mother's breastmilk. Society's negative view of wet nursing, combined with improvements of the feeding bottle, the availability of animal's milk, and advances in formula development, gradually led to the substitution of artificial feeding for wet nursing. In addition, the advertising and safety of formula products increased their popularity and use among society. Currently, infant formula-feeding is widely practiced in the United States and appears to contribute to the development of several common childhood illnesses, including atopy, diabetes mellitus, and childhood obesity.
婴儿喂养的历史演变包括奶妈喂养、奶瓶喂养和配方奶的使用。在奶瓶和配方奶发明之前，奶妈喂养是替代自然母亲母乳的最安全、最常见的方式。社会对奶妈喂养的负面看法，加上奶瓶的改进、动物奶的可得性以及配方奶研发的进步，逐渐导致人工喂养取代了奶妈喂养。此外，配方奶产品的广告宣传和安全性提高了它们在社会中的受欢迎程度和使用频率。目前，美国广泛采用婴儿配方奶喂养，这似乎导致了几种常见儿童疾病的发生，包括特应性疾病、糖尿病和儿童肥胖症。
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