Schultz Annette S H, Bottorff Joan L, McKeown Stephanie Barclay
Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2009;27:115-44. doi: 10.1891/0739-6686.27.115.
Qualitative research methods are increasingly used by nurse scientists to explore a wide variety of topics relevant to practice and/or health policy issues. The purpose of this chapter is to review the contributions of nurse scientists to the field of tobacco control through the use of qualitative research methods. A systematic literature search strategy was used to identify 51 articles published between 1980 and 2008. The majority (84%) of reviewed articles were authored by North American nurse scientists. Cessation was the most commonly (85%) studied aspect of tobacco control. Six qualitative research approaches were used: qualitative descriptive (55%), narrative analysis (8%), phenomenology (6%), grounded theory (14%), ethnography (12%), and case study (6%). Qualitative descriptive methods were primarily one-off studies to address practical problems or issues encountered in practice, and often validated current understandings related to tobacco. Researchers who used other types of qualitative methods and who conducted qualitative studies as part of programs of research were more likely to make more substantive contributions to the evolving field of tobacco control. These contributions related to how smoking intertwines with personal and social identities, the influence of social context on tobacco use, and nurses' involvement in tobacco control (both of their own tobacco use and in assisting others). Nurse scientists interested in exploring tobacco-related issues are encouraged to consider the full range of qualitative research approaches. Qualitative research methods contribute to our understanding of tobacco use arising from nursing practice, health care and policy, along with the field of tobacco control in general.
定性研究方法越来越多地被护士科学家用于探索与实践和/或卫生政策问题相关的广泛主题。本章的目的是回顾护士科学家通过使用定性研究方法对烟草控制领域所做的贡献。采用了系统的文献检索策略来识别1980年至2008年间发表的51篇文章。大多数（84%）被审查的文章是由北美护士科学家撰写的。戒烟是烟草控制中最常被研究的方面（85%）。使用了六种定性研究方法：定性描述法（55%）、叙事分析法（8%）、现象学方法（6%）、扎根理论法（14%）、人种志法（12%）和案例研究法（6%）。定性描述方法主要是一次性研究，以解决实践中遇到的实际问题，并且常常验证与烟草相关的现有认识。使用其他类型定性方法并将定性研究作为研究项目一部分的研究人员，更有可能对不断发展的烟草控制领域做出更实质性的贡献。这些贡献涉及吸烟如何与个人和社会身份相互交织、社会环境对烟草使用的影响以及护士在烟草控制中的参与（包括他们自己的烟草使用以及协助他人）。鼓励对探索与烟草相关问题感兴趣的护士科学家考虑全面的定性研究方法。定性研究方法有助于我们理解护理实践、医疗保健和政策中产生的烟草使用情况，以及整个烟草控制领域。
