Ma Jun, Li Bai-hui, Wu Shuang-sheng, Song Yi, Hu Pei-jin, Zhang Bing
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Sep;30(9):919-22.
To reveal the trend of minority students' health from 1995 to 2005 in China.
We selected 15 minority groups wtih data pertaining to students' nutritional status, poor vision and decayed tooth in 1995, 2000 and 2005. The minority groups were Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang, Korean, Tibetan, Yao, Li, Qiang, Bouyei, Dong, Hmong, Tu, Salar and Kirgiz.
The prevalences of underweight and malnutrition in 2005 in Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang and Korean students aged 7 - 22 years were lower than that of 1995 and 2000, indicating the nutrition status was improved. The prevalence of malnutrition in city girls was the highest. The mild malnutrition rates in 2005 decreased to 2.69%, 4.67%, 3.68%, 9.62% and 2.65% but the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased. For city boys, the rates were 5.50%, 8.12%, 2.69%, 3.69% and 13.50%. The prevalence of decayed tooth changed but with no significant differences. The prevalence rates of poor vision and myopia kept increasing. The minority students' myopia rates in 2005 were 29.5%, 39.1%, 10.1%, 42.6%, 41.1%, for boys and 45.4%, 50.0%, 15.4%, 49.7%, 46.7% for girls.
In order to improve the health of students in minority regions, we need to promote health education at schools.
揭示1995年至2005年中国少数民族学生的健康状况趋势。
选取了1995年、2000年和2005年有学生营养状况、视力不良和龋齿数据的15个少数民族。这些少数民族为蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族、朝鲜族、藏族、瑶族、黎族、羌族、布依族、侗族、苗族、土族、撒拉族和柯尔克孜族。
2005年，7至22岁的蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族和朝鲜族学生的体重不足和营养不良患病率低于1995年和2000年，表明营养状况有所改善。城市女生的营养不良患病率最高。2005年轻度营养不良率分别降至2.69%、4.67%、3.68%、9.62%和2.65%，但超重和肥胖患病率有所上升。城市男生的相应比率分别为5.50%、8.12%、2.69%、3.69%和13.50%。龋齿患病率有所变化，但差异无统计学意义。视力不良和近视患病率持续上升。2005年少数民族学生的近视率，男生分别为29.5%、39.1%、10.1%、42.6%、41.1%，女生分别为45.4%、50.0%、15.4%、49.7%、46.7%。
为改善少数民族地区学生的健康状况，需要在学校加强健康教育。
