Jacewicz Ewa, Fox Robert Allen, Lyle Samantha
Speech Perception and Acoustics Laboratories, Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University.
J Int Phon Assoc. 2009;39(3):313-334. doi: 10.1017/S0025100309990156.
This study is an acoustic investigation of the nature and extent of consonant voicing of the stop /b/ in two dialectal varieties of American English spoken in south-central Wisconsin and western North Carolina. The stop /b/ occurred at the juncture of two words such as small bids, in a position between two voiced sonorants, i.e. the liquid /l/ and a vowel. Twenty women participated, ten representing the Wisconsin and ten the North Carolina variety, respectively. Significant dialectal differences were found in the voicing patterns. The Wisconsin stop closures were usually not fully voiced and terminated in a complete silence followed by a closure release whereas North Carolina speakers produced mostly fully voiced closures. Further dialectal differences included the proportion of closure voicing as a function of word emphasis. For Wisconsin speakers, the proportion of closure voicing was smallest when the word was emphasized and it was greatest in non-emphatic positions. For North Carolina speakers, the degree of word emphasis did not have an effect on the proportion of closure voicing. The results suggest different mechanisms by which closure voicing is maintained in these two dialects, pointing to active articulatory maneuvers in North Carolina speakers and passive in Wisconsin speakers.
本研究是一项声学调查，旨在探究美国威斯康星州中南部和北卡罗来纳州西部所讲的两种方言变体中塞音/b/的浊音性质和程度。塞音/b/出现在两个单词的交界处，如small bids，处于两个浊音响音之间的位置，即流音/l/和一个元音之间。20名女性参与了研究，其中10名代表威斯康星州方言，10名代表北卡罗来纳州方言。研究发现了浊音模式上的显著方言差异。威斯康星州的塞音闭塞通常没有完全浊化，以完全静音结束，随后是闭塞释放，而北卡罗来纳州的说话者产生的大多是完全浊化的闭塞。进一步的方言差异包括闭塞浊化比例与单词重音的关系。对于威斯康星州的说话者来说，单词重读时闭塞浊化的比例最小，在非重读位置时最大。对于北卡罗来纳州的说话者来说，单词重音程度对闭塞浊化比例没有影响。研究结果表明，这两种方言维持闭塞浊化的机制不同，表明北卡罗来纳州的说话者有主动的发音动作，而威斯康星州的说话者则是被动的。
