National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden University branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
Persoonia. 2009 Dec;23:147-76. doi: 10.3767/003158509X480944. Epub 2009 Nov 19.
The phylogeny of the Entolomataceae was reconstructed using three loci (RPB2, LSU and mtSSU) and, in conjunction with spore morphology (using SEM and TEM), was used to address four main systematic issues: 1) the monophyly of the Entolomataceae; 2) inter-generic relationships within the Entolomataceae; 3) genus delimitation of Entolomataceae; and 4) spore evolution in the Entolomataceae. Results confirm that the Entolomataceae (Entoloma, Rhodocybe, Clitopilus, Richoniella and Rhodogaster) is monophyletic and that the combination of pinkish spore prints and spores having bumps and/or ridges formed by an epicorium is a synapomorphy for the family. The Entolomataceae is made up of two sister clades: one with Clitopilus nested within Rhodocybe and another with Richoniella and Rhodogaster nested within Entoloma. Entoloma is best retained as one genus. The smaller genera within Entoloma s.l. are either polyphyletic or make other genera paraphyletic. Spores of the clitopiloid type are derived from rhodocyboid spores. The ancestral spore type of the Entolomataceae was either rhodocyboid or entolomatoid. Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes are made including merging Rhodocybe into Clitopilus and transferring relevant species into Clitopilus and Entoloma.
采用三个基因座（RPB2、LSU 和 mtSSU）重建了鹅膏科的系统发育，并结合孢子形态（使用 SEM 和 TEM），解决了四个主要的系统学问题：1）鹅膏科的单系性；2）鹅膏科内的属间关系；3）鹅膏科的属级界限；4）鹅膏科中孢子的演化。结果证实，鹅膏科（鹅膏属、盔孢伞属、离褶伞属、Richoniella 和 Rhodogaster）是单系的，粉红色孢子印痕和具有由外生褶形成的突起和/或脊的孢子的组合是该科的一个synapomorphy。鹅膏科由两个姐妹群组成：一个是 Clitopilus 嵌套在 Rhodocybe 内，另一个是 Richoniella 和 Rhodogaster 嵌套在 Entoloma 内。保留 Entoloma 作为一个属是最好的。鹅膏属内的较小属要么是多系的，要么使其他属成为并系的。Clitopiloid 型孢子是从盔孢伞属孢子衍生而来的。鹅膏科的祖先后孢子类型要么是盔孢伞属，要么是鹅膏属。进行了分类和命名变更，包括将 Rhodocybe 并入 Clitopilus，并将相关物种转移到 Clitopilus 和 Entoloma 中。
