Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jun;15(2):120-34. doi: 10.1177/1074248409357921. Epub 2010 Mar 3.
Consumption of foods and supplements enriched with plant sterols/stanols (PS) may help reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. In this review, we consider the effects of PS beyond LDL-C lowering. Plant sterols/stanols exert beneficial effects on other lipid variables, such as apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoAI ratio and, in some studies, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Plant sterols/stanols may also affect inflammatory markers, coagulation parameters, as well as platelet and endothelial function. Evidence also exists about a beneficial effect on oxidative stress, but this does not seem to be of greater degree than that expected from the LDL-C lowering. Many of these effects have been demonstrated in vitro and animal models. Some in vitro effects cannot be seen in vivo or in humans at usual doses. The epidemiological studies that evaluated the association of plasma PS concentration with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk do not provide a definitive answer. Long-term randomized placebo-controlled studies are required to clarify the effects of supplementation with PS on CVD risk and progression of atherosclerosis.
食用富含植物甾醇/植物固醇（PS）的食物和补充剂可能有助于降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平。在本次综述中，我们将探讨 PS 除了降低 LDL-C 之外的其他作用。植物甾醇/植物固醇对其他脂质变量（如载脂蛋白（apo）B/apoAI 比值）有有益影响，并且在一些研究中，对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和甘油三酯（TG）也有有益影响。植物甾醇/植物固醇还可能影响炎症标志物、凝血参数以及血小板和内皮功能。也有证据表明其对氧化应激有有益影响，但这似乎并不比 LDL-C 降低所预期的程度更大。这些作用中的许多已在体外和动物模型中得到证实。一些在体外观察到的作用在通常剂量下的体内或人体中无法观察到。评估血浆 PS 浓度与心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间关联的流行病学研究并未提供明确答案。需要进行长期随机安慰剂对照研究来阐明 PS 补充对 CVD 风险和动脉粥样硬化进展的影响。
