The Meyer Center for Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030-2399, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Feb;1187:172-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05142.x.
Maternal cocaine addiction is a significant public health issue particularly affecting children, with high rates of reported abuse, neglect, and foster care placement. This review examines both preclinical and clinical evidence for how cocaine abuse may affect maternal care and infant development, exploring brain, behavioral, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. There is evidence that cocaine affects infant development both directly, via in utero exposure, and indirectly via alterations in maternal care. Two neural systems known to play an important role in both maternal care and cocaine addiction are the oxytocin and dopamine systems, mediating social and reward-related behaviors and stress reactivity. These same neural mechanisms may also be involved in the infant's development of vulnerability to addiction. Understanding the neuroendocrine pathways involved in maternal behavior and addiction may help facilitate earlier, more effective interventions to help substance-abusing mothers provide adequate care for their infant and perhaps prevent the intergenerational transmission of risk.
母亲可卡因成瘾是一个重大的公共卫生问题，尤其会对儿童产生影响，报告的虐待、忽视和寄养安置率很高。本综述探讨了可卡因滥用如何影响母婴护理和婴儿发育的临床前和临床证据，探索了大脑、行为和神经内分泌机制。有证据表明，可卡因通过宫内暴露直接影响婴儿发育，也通过改变母婴护理间接影响婴儿发育。两个已知在母婴护理和可卡因成瘾中都发挥重要作用的神经系统是催产素和多巴胺系统，调节社会和奖励相关行为以及应激反应。这些相同的神经机制也可能参与婴儿对成瘾的脆弱性发展。了解涉及母婴行为和成瘾的神经内分泌途径可能有助于促进更早、更有效的干预措施，帮助滥用药物的母亲为婴儿提供足够的护理，并可能防止风险的代际传递。
