Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, KEMRI - University of Oxford - Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, PO Box 43640-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Malar J. 2010 Mar 4;9:69. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-69.
A detailed knowledge of the distribution of the main Anopheles malaria vectors in Kenya should guide national vector control strategies. However, contemporary spatial distributions of the locally dominant Anopheles vectors including Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles merus, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles pharoensis and Anopheles nili are lacking. The methods and approaches used to assemble contemporary available data on the present distribution of the dominant malaria vectors in Kenya are presented here.
Primary empirical data from published and unpublished sources were identified for the period 1990 to 2009. Details recorded for each source included the first author, year of publication, report type, survey location name, month and year of survey, the main Anopheles species reported as present and the sampling and identification methods used. Survey locations were geo-positioned using national digital place name archives and on-line geo-referencing resources. The geo-located species-presence data were displayed and described administratively, using first-level administrative units (province), and biologically, based on the predicted spatial margins of Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity in Kenya for the year 2009. Each geo-located survey site was assigned an urban or rural classification and attributed an altitude value.
A total of 498 spatially unique descriptions of Anopheles vector species across Kenya sampled between 1990 and 2009 were identified, 53% were obtained from published sources and further communications with authors. More than half (54%) of the sites surveyed were investigated since 2005. A total of 174 sites reported the presence of An. gambiae complex without identification of sibling species. Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus were the most widely reported at 244 and 265 spatially unique sites respectively with the former showing the most ubiquitous distribution nationally. Anopheles gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus and An. pharoensis were reported at sites located in all the transmission intensity classes with more reports of An. gambiae in the highest transmission intensity areas than the very low transmission areas.
A contemporary, spatially defined database of the main malaria vectors in Kenya provides a baseline for future compilations of data and helps identify areas where information is currently lacking. The data collated here are published alongside this paper where it may help guide future sampling location decisions, help with the planning of vector control suites nationally and encourage broader research inquiry into vector species niche modeling.
详细了解肯尼亚主要疟疾病媒按蚊的分布情况，应能指导国家病媒控制策略。然而，目前缺乏当地占优势的按蚊，包括冈比亚按蚊、阿拉伯按蚊、常山按蚊、致倦库蚊、法氏疟蚊和尼氏疟蚊的当代空间分布信息。本文介绍了收集肯尼亚当前主要疟疾媒介现有分布的当代可用数据所采用的方法和途径。
从 1990 年至 2009 年期间确定了已发表和未发表来源的原始实证数据。为每个来源记录的详细信息包括第一作者、出版年份、报告类型、调查地点名称、调查月份和年份、报告存在的主要按蚊种类以及使用的采样和鉴定方法。使用国家数字地名档案和在线地理参考资源对调查地点进行地理定位。使用肯尼亚 2009 年预测的恶性疟原虫传播强度的一级行政单位（省）对地理定位的物种存在数据进行行政展示和描述，并根据生物分布对其进行描述。为每个地理定位的调查点分配城市或农村分类，并赋予海拔值。
在 1990 年至 2009 年期间，肯尼亚共采集了 498 个独特的按蚊媒介种空间描述，其中 53%来自已发表的资料，其余的则通过与作者的进一步交流获得。超过一半（54%）的调查点是在 2005 年之后进行调查的。总共 174 个地点报告存在冈比亚按蚊复合体，但没有鉴定出姐妹种。阿拉伯按蚊和致倦库蚊是报告最多的两种，分别有 244 个和 265 个独特的地点，前者在全国的分布最为普遍。冈比亚按蚊、阿拉伯按蚊、致倦库蚊和法氏疟蚊均在所有传播强度类别的地点报告，在高传播强度地区的报告多于极低传播强度地区。
肯尼亚主要疟疾媒介的当代、空间定义数据库为未来的数据汇编提供了基线，并有助于确定当前缺乏信息的地区。本文收集的数据与本文同时发表，可帮助指导未来的采样地点决策，有助于国家病媒控制套件的规划，并鼓励对媒介物种生态位模型进行更广泛的研究。
