Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Psychol Health. 2010 Dec;25(10):1195-208. doi: 10.1080/08870440903261970.
We examined whether self-affirmation would facilitate intentions to engage in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among individuals who were off-schedule for CRC screening and who were categorised as unrealistically optimistic, realistic or unrealistically pessimistic about their CRC risk. All participants received tailored risk feedback; in addition, one group received threatening social comparison information regarding their risk factors, a second received this information after a self-affirmation exercise and a third was a no-treatment control. When participants were unrealistically optimistic about their CRC risk (determined by comparing their perceived comparative risk to calculations from a risk algorithm), they expressed greater interest in screening if they were self-affirmed (relative to controls). Non-affirmed unrealistic optimists expressed lower interest relative to controls, suggesting that they were responding defensively. Realistic participants and unrealistically pessimistic participants who were self-affirmed expressed relatively less interest in CRC screening, suggesting that self-affirmation can be helpful or hurtful depending on the accuracy of one's risk perceptions.
我们考察了自我肯定是否会促进那些未按计划进行结直肠癌（CRC）筛查且对其 CRC 风险持不切实际乐观、现实或不切实际悲观态度的个体进行 CRC 筛查的意愿。所有参与者都收到了量身定制的风险反馈；此外，一组参与者收到了有关其风险因素的威胁性社会比较信息，第二组在自我肯定练习后收到了这些信息，第三组是无治疗对照组。当参与者对他们的 CRC 风险持不切实际的乐观态度（通过将他们的感知相对风险与风险算法的计算进行比较来确定）时，如果他们进行了自我肯定，他们对筛查的兴趣就会更大（相对于对照组）。未经肯定的不切实际的乐观主义者相对于对照组表现出较低的兴趣，这表明他们的反应是防御性的。自我肯定的现实参与者和不切实际的悲观参与者对 CRC 筛查的兴趣相对较低，这表明自我肯定可能是有益的也可能是有害的，具体取决于一个人对风险的感知准确性。
