Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Anal Chim Acta. 2010 Mar 24;663(2):127-38. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.048. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
This review summarises current knowledge on Hg species and their distribution in the hydrosphere and gives typical concentration ranges in open ocean, coastal and estuarine waters, as well as in rivers, lakes, rain and ground waters. The importance of reliable methods for the determination of Hg species in natural waters and the analytical challenges associated with them are discussed. Approaches for sample collection and storage, pre-concentration, separation, and detection are critically compared. The review covers well established methods for total mercury determination and identifies new approaches that offer advantages such as ease of use and reduced risk of contamination. Pre-concentration and separation techniques for Hg speciation are divided into chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods. Derivatisation methods and the coupling of pre-concentration and/or separation methods to suitable detection techniques are also discussed. Techniques for sample pre-treatment, pre-concentration, separation, and quantification of Hg species, together with examples of total Hg determination and Hg speciation analysis in different natural (non-spiked) waters are summarised in tables, with a focus on applications from the last decade.
这篇综述总结了当前关于汞物种及其在水圈中的分布的知识，并给出了开阔海域、沿海和河口水域以及河流、湖泊、雨水和地下水的典型浓度范围。讨论了用于测定天然水中汞物种的可靠方法的重要性以及与之相关的分析挑战。批判性地比较了样品采集和储存、预浓缩、分离和检测的方法。该综述涵盖了总汞测定的成熟方法，并确定了具有易用性和降低污染风险等优势的新方法。用于 Hg 形态分析的预浓缩和分离技术分为色谱和非色谱方法。还讨论了衍生化方法以及将预浓缩和/或分离方法与合适的检测技术相结合的方法。汇总了用于 Hg 物种样品预处理、预浓缩、分离和定量的技术，并举例说明了不同天然（未加标）水中总汞测定和 Hg 形态分析的应用，重点是过去十年的应用。
