Panchuk Derek, Vickers Joan N
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
Cogn Process. 2011 Aug;12(3):267-76. doi: 10.1007/s10339-011-0395-y. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
We determined the gaze and stepping behaviours of elite ballet dancers and controls as they walked normally and along progressively narrower 3-m lines (l0.0, 2.5 cm). The ballet dancers delayed the first step and then stepped more quickly through the approach area and onto the lines, which they exited more slowly than the controls, which stepped immediately but then slowed their gait to navigate the line, which they exited faster. Contrary to predictions, the ballet group did not step more precisely, perhaps due to the unique anatomical requirements of ballet dance and/or due to releasing the degrees of freedom under their feet as they fixated ahead more than the controls. The ballet group used significantly fewer fixations of longer duration, and their final quiet eye (QE) duration prior to stepping on the line was significantly longer (2,353.39 ms) than the controls (1,327.64 ms). The control group favoured a proximal gaze strategy allocating 73.33% of their QE fixations to the line/off the line and 26.66% to the exit/visual straight ahead (VSA), while the ballet group favoured a 'look-ahead' strategy allocating 55.49% of their QE fixations to the exit/VSA and 44.51% on the line/off the line. The results are discussed in the light of the development of expertise and the enhanced role of fixations and visual attention when more tasks become more constrained.
我们测定了精英芭蕾舞演员和对照组在正常行走以及沿着逐渐变窄的3米长线条（宽度0.0、2.5厘米）行走时的注视和迈步行为。芭蕾舞演员延迟了第一步，然后在接近区域和踏上线条时迈得更快，他们离开线条的速度比对照组慢，对照组立即迈步，但随后放慢步伐以通过线条，且离开线条的速度更快。与预测相反，芭蕾舞组迈步并不更精确，这可能是由于芭蕾舞独特的解剖学要求和/或由于他们比对照组更向前注视时放开了脚下的自由度。芭蕾舞组使用的持续时间较长的注视显著更少，并且他们踏上线条之前的最终静息眼（QE）持续时间（2353.39毫秒）显著长于对照组（1327.64毫秒）。对照组倾向于近端注视策略，将其QE注视的73.33%分配到线条/离线区域，26.66%分配到出口/视觉正前方（VSA），而芭蕾舞组倾向于“向前看”策略，将其QE注视的55.49%分配到出口/VSA，44.51%分配到线条/离线区域。根据专业技能的发展以及当更多任务变得更具约束性时注视和视觉注意力的增强作用对结果进行了讨论。
