Piras Alessandro, Vickers Joan N
Department of Human and General Physiology, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, Italy.
Cogn Process. 2011 Aug;12(3):245-55. doi: 10.1007/s10339-011-0406-z. Epub 2011 May 5.
Male goalkeepers of intermediate skill level attempted to stop penalty kicks executed with the instep and inside foot, in situ. A mobile eye tracker and an external camera were used to collect the gaze and motor behaviors of the goalkeepers, as well as the penalty takers' motor behaviors and flight of the ball. Percent saves was greater during instep (28%) than inside foot kicks (12%), but we detected few differences in fixation frequency, location, duration, or transitions that could be attributed to the type of kick used. Fixation transitions (or the frequency of gaze shifts between locations) were significantly higher on goals than on saves. During the final phase of the kicking action, the quiet eye was located on the visual pivot and was longer during saves than goals. Furthermore, when the final fixation on the ball exceeded approximately 1,100 ms, then the likelihood of goals increased. The results are discussed in light of past studies in goaltending and the dual demands of motor tasks that require information be fixated both early and late at spatial locations that exceed the limits of focal vision.
中等技能水平的男性守门员尝试在原地扑出用脚背和脚内侧罚出的点球。使用了一个移动眼动仪和一个外部摄像头来收集守门员的注视和运动行为，以及罚球者的运动行为和球的飞行轨迹。脚背罚球时的扑出率（28%）高于脚内侧罚球（12%），但我们在注视频率、位置、持续时间或转换方面未发现可归因于罚球类型的显著差异。进球时的注视转换（或不同位置之间的注视转移频率）显著高于扑出球时。在踢球动作的最后阶段，“安静眼”位于视觉枢轴上，扑出球时的持续时间比进球时更长。此外，当对球的最后注视超过约1100毫秒时，进球的可能性会增加。结合过去关于守门员的研究以及运动任务的双重需求对结果进行了讨论，这些任务要求在超出中央视觉范围的空间位置上，在早期和晚期都要进行信息注视。
