Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute of Lissone (Milan), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 May 20;35(12):1241-6. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bfcbf6.
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of a translated and culturally adapted questionnaire.
Translating, culturally adapting, and validating the Italian version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-I) to allow its use for Italian-speaking patients with low back pain.
Increasing attention is being given to standardized outcome measures as a means of improving interventions for low back pain. A translated form of the TSK in patients with low back pain has never been validated in the Italian population.
The development of the TSK-I questionnaire involved its translation and back-translation, a final review by an expert committee, and testing of the prefinal version to establish its correspondence to the original English version. Psychometric testing included factor analysis, reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest repeatability (Intraclass Coefficient Correlation), discriminant validity (Pearson correlation) by comparing TSK-I to a visual analogue scale, the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, Beck's Depression Inventory and Anxiety Inventory.
It took the authors 5 months to achieve a shared version of the TSK-I, which proved to be satisfactorily acceptable when administered to 178 subjects. Factor analysis indicated a 2-factor 13-item solution (38% of explained variance). The questionnaire showed acceptable internal consistency (alpha = 0.772) and high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.956). Discriminant validity showed moderate to low correlations with visual analogue scale (r = 0.345), the Roland Morris Disability (r = 0.337), and Beck's Depression Inventory and Anxiety Inventory (r = 0.258 and r = 283). The subscales were also psychometrically analyzed.
The TSK was successfully translated into Italian, showing a good factorial structure and psychometric properties, and replicating the results of existing English versions of the questionnaire. Its use is recommended for research purposes.
评价经翻译和文化调适后的问卷的心理计量学特性。
将 Tampa 运动恐惧量表（TSK-I）翻译并调适为意大利文，以评估其在意大利语系的腰痛患者中的应用。
人们越来越关注标准化的结果评估，以改善腰痛的干预措施。腰痛患者的 TSK 经翻译后的形式从未在意大利人群中得到验证。
TSK-I 问卷的发展包括翻译和回译、专家委员会的最终审查，以及预终版的测试，以确定其与英文原始版本的对应关系。心理计量学测试包括因子分析、内部一致性（Cronbach's alpha）和测试-重测可重复性（ICC 相关系数）的可靠性，以及通过与视觉模拟量表、Roland Morris 残疾问卷、贝克抑郁和焦虑量表的比较，来确定其判别效度。
作者用了 5 个月的时间达成 TSK-I 的共识版本，在对 178 名受试者进行测试后，结果令人满意。因子分析表明，2 个因子有 13 个项目的解决方案（占解释方差的 38%）。问卷具有可接受的内部一致性（alpha = 0.772）和高测试-重测可靠性（ICC = 0.956）。判别效度显示与视觉模拟量表（r = 0.345）、Roland Morris 残疾问卷（r = 0.337）和贝克抑郁和焦虑量表（r = 0.258 和 r = 0.283）有中度至低度相关性。子量表也进行了心理计量学分析。
TSK 成功地被翻译为意大利文，显示出良好的因子结构和心理计量学特性，复制了现有英文问卷版本的结果。建议将其用于研究目的。
