Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2024 Oct;92:102623. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102623. Epub 2024 Jul 16.
Tobacco smoking is still frequent in Italy and a major cause of cancer globally. We estimated the burden of smoking-related cancer in Italy.
To calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF), we adopted a counterfactual scenario for which all individuals never smoked. The PAF of current and former smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) was estimated for cancers associated with these habits according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Relative risk estimates and prevalence of exposure were derived from large-scale studies and national surveys, respectively. A 20-year latency period between exposure and cancer was considered. Cancer incidence data for 2020 and mortality data for 2017 were obtained from the Italian Association of Cancer Registries.
Tobacco smoking caused, in men and women respectively, 90.0 % and 58.3 % of lung; 67.8 % and 53.5 % of pharyngeal; 47.0 % and 32.2 % of bladder; 45.9 % and 31.7 % of oral; 36.6 % and 23.6 % of esophageal; 23.0 % and 14.0 % of pancreatic cancer and lower percentages of cancers at other sites. Tobacco smoking accounted for 23.9 % and 7.7 % of new cancer cases in 2020, and 32.1 % and 11.3 % of cancer deaths in 2017 in men and women, respectively, corresponding to 17.3 % of cases and 24.5 % of cancer deaths overall. The PAF of lung cancer due to SHS in never smoking women married with smokers was 13.0 %.
Tobacco smoking is a primary cause of cancer in Italy in both sexes. Tobacco control policies are warranted.
在意大利，吸烟仍然很普遍，是全球癌症的主要原因。我们估计了意大利与吸烟有关的癌症负担。
为了计算人群归因分数（PAF），我们采用了一种反事实情景，即所有个体从不吸烟。根据国际癌症研究机构，我们根据这些习惯与癌症的关联，估计了当前和既往吸烟以及二手烟（SHS）的 PAF。相对风险估计和暴露的流行率分别来自大规模研究和国家调查。考虑了暴露与癌症之间 20 年的潜伏期。2020 年的癌症发病率数据和 2017 年的死亡率数据均来自意大利癌症登记协会。
在男性和女性中，烟草分别导致 90.0%和 58.3%的肺癌；67.8%和 53.5%的咽癌；47.0%和 32.2%的膀胱癌；45.9%和 31.7%的口腔癌；36.6%和 23.6%的食管癌；23.0%和 14.0%的胰腺癌，以及其他部位的癌症比例较低。2020 年，烟草导致新发病例分别占 23.9%和 7.7%，2017 年导致癌症死亡分别占 32.1%和 11.3%，分别占男性和女性的 17.3%和 24.5%。从不吸烟的与吸烟者结婚的女性中，由于 SHS 导致的肺癌 PAF 为 13.0%。
在意大利，吸烟是男性和女性癌症的主要原因。需要采取烟草控制政策。
