School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech Center for Injury Biomechanics, 445 ICTAS Building, Stanger Street, MC 0238, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
J Safety Res. 2010 Feb;41(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.10.006. Epub 2010 Jan 16.
Longitudinal barriers, such as guardrails, are designed to prevent a vehicle that leaves the roadway from impacting a more dangerous object while minimizing the risk of injury to the vehicle occupants. Current full-scale test procedures for these devices do not consider the effect of occupant restraints such as seatbelts and airbags. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which restraints are used or deployed in longitudinal barrier collisions and their subsequent effect on occupant injury.
Binary logistic regression models were generated to predict occupant injury risk using data from the National Automotive Sampling System / Crashworthiness Data System from 1997 through 2007.
In tow-away longitudinal barrier crashes, airbag deployment rates were 70% for airbag-equipped vehicles. Compared with unbelted occupants without an airbag available, seat belt restrained occupants with an airbag available had a dramatically decreased risk of receiving a serious (MAIS 3+) injury (odds-ratio (OR)=0.03; 95% CI: 0.004-0.24). A similar decrease was observed among those restrained by seat belts, but without an airbag available (OR=0.03; 95% CI: 0.001- 0.79). No significant differences in risk of serious injuries were observed between unbelted occupants with an airbag available compared with unbelted occupants without an airbag available (OR=0.53; 95% CI=0.10-2.68).
This study refutes the perception in the roadside safety community that airbags rarely deploy in frontal barrier crashes, and suggests that current longitudinal barrier occupant risk criteria may over-estimate injury potential for restrained occupants involved in a longitudinal barrier crash.
纵向护栏等纵向障碍物旨在防止车辆驶出路外时撞击更危险的物体，同时最大限度地降低车辆乘员受伤的风险。目前，这些设备的全尺寸测试程序并未考虑到乘员约束装置（如安全带和安全气囊）的影响。本研究的目的是确定在纵向护栏碰撞中约束装置的使用或展开程度，以及它们对乘员伤害的后续影响。
使用 1997 年至 2007 年国家汽车抽样系统/碰撞数据系统的数据，生成二元逻辑回归模型来预测乘员受伤风险。
在拖曳式纵向护栏碰撞中，配备安全气囊的车辆安全气囊的展开率为 70%。与未系安全带且无安全气囊的未系安全带乘客相比，配备安全气囊且系安全带的乘客受伤严重（MAIS 3+）的风险显著降低（比值比（OR）=0.03；95%置信区间：0.004-0.24）。在那些未系安全带但配备安全气囊的乘客中也观察到类似的下降（OR=0.03；95%置信区间：0.001-0.79）。与未系安全带且无安全气囊的乘客相比，配备安全气囊但未系安全带的乘客受伤严重的风险无显著差异（OR=0.53；95%置信区间：0.10-2.68）。
本研究驳斥了路边安全界的看法，即安全气囊在正面护栏碰撞中很少展开，并表明当前的纵向护栏乘员风险标准可能高估了涉及纵向护栏碰撞的约束乘员的受伤潜力。
