McGwin Gerald, Metzger Jesse, Alonso Jorge E, Rue Loring W
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
J Trauma. 2003 Jun;54(6):1182-7. doi: 10.1097/01.TA.0000056165.49112.F4.
An evaluation of seat belt use and airbag deployment, either alone or in combination, on risk of injury to specific body regions has yet to be completed.
A retrospective cohort study of front seat occupants involved in police-reported, tow-away, frontal motor vehicle collisions using data from the 1995 through 2000 National Automotive Sampling System was conducted. Only vehicles with a change in velocity (delta-V) of >/= 15 km/h were included. Risk of injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale score >/= 2) to specific body regions was compared according to seat belt use and airbag deployment.
Compared with completely unrestrained occupants, those using a seat belt alone or in combination with an airbag had a reduced overall risk of injury (relative risk, 0.42 and 0.71, respectively); no association was observed for those restrained with an airbag only (relative risk, 0.98). This pattern of results was similar for specific body regions with the exception of the lower extremity, wherein a significantly increased risk was observed for airbag deployment alone.
Airbag deployment does not appear to significantly reduce the risk of injury either alone or in combination with seat belts. Airbag deployment without associated seat belt use may increase the risk of lower extremity injury.
单独或联合评估安全带使用情况和安全气囊展开对特定身体部位受伤风险的影响尚未完成。
利用1995年至2000年国家汽车抽样系统的数据，对涉及警方报告的、需拖走的正面机动车碰撞事故中的前排座位乘客进行回顾性队列研究。仅纳入速度变化（ΔV）≥15公里/小时的车辆。根据安全带使用情况和安全气囊展开情况，比较特定身体部位的受伤风险（简略损伤量表评分≥2）。
与完全未系安全带的乘客相比，单独使用安全带或与安全气囊联合使用的乘客总体受伤风险降低（相对风险分别为0.42和0.71）；仅使用安全气囊约束的乘客未观察到关联（相对风险为0.98）。除下肢外，特定身体部位的结果模式相似，在下肢中，单独展开安全气囊会显著增加受伤风险。
单独或与安全带联合使用时，安全气囊展开似乎并未显著降低受伤风险。未使用相关安全带而展开安全气囊可能会增加下肢受伤风险。
