Department of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2010 Apr;33(4):193-201. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2010.01.007. Epub 2010 Mar 12.
The interplay of transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers, including histone modifications, DNA methylation and microRNAs during development is essential for the acquisition of specific cell fates. Here, we review the epigenetic "programming" of stem cells into oligodendrocytes, by analyzing three sequential stages of lineage progression. The first transition from pluripotent stem cells to neural precursors is characterized by repression of pluripotency genes and restriction of the lineage potential to the neural fate. The second transition from multipotential precursors to oligodendrocyte progenitors is associated with the progressive loss of plasticity and the repression of neuronal and astrocytic genes. The last step of differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors into myelin-forming cells is defined by a model of derepression of myelin genes.
在发育过程中，转录因子和表观遗传修饰物（包括组蛋白修饰、DNA 甲基化和 microRNAs）的相互作用对于获得特定的细胞命运至关重要。在这里，我们通过分析谱系进展的三个连续阶段，来回顾将干细胞“编程”为少突胶质细胞的表观遗传过程。从多能干细胞到神经前体细胞的第一个转变特征是抑制多能性基因，并将谱系潜能限制为神经命运。从多潜能前体细胞到少突胶质祖细胞的第二个转变与可塑性的逐渐丧失以及神经元和星形胶质细胞基因的抑制有关。少突胶质祖细胞分化为髓鞘形成细胞的最后一步由髓鞘基因去抑制的模型定义。
