Hernandez Marylens, Casaccia Patrizia
Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.
Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.
Glia. 2015 Aug;63(8):1357-75. doi: 10.1002/glia.22818. Epub 2015 May 12.
The recent years have been characterized by a surge of studies on the role of transcription factors and histone modifications in regulating the progression of progenitors into oligodendrocytes. This review summarizes this body of evidence and presents an integrated view of transcriptional networks and epigenetic regulators defining proliferating progenitors and their differentiation along the oligodendrocyte lineage. We suggest that transcription factors in proliferating progenitors have direct access to DNA, due to predominantly euchromatic nuclei. As progenitors differentiate, however, transcriptional competence is modulated by the formation of heterochromatin, which modifies the association of DNA with nucleosomal histones and renders the access of transcription factors dependent on the activity of epigenetic modulators. These concepts are delineated within the context of development, and the potential functional implications are discussed.
近年来，关于转录因子和组蛋白修饰在调节祖细胞向少突胶质细胞分化过程中作用的研究激增。本综述总结了这一系列证据，并呈现了定义增殖祖细胞及其沿少突胶质细胞谱系分化的转录网络和表观遗传调节因子的综合观点。我们认为，由于增殖祖细胞的细胞核主要为常染色质，转录因子可直接接触DNA。然而，随着祖细胞分化，转录能力受到异染色质形成的调节，异染色质改变了DNA与核小体组蛋白的结合，并使转录因子的接触依赖于表观遗传调节剂的活性。这些概念在发育背景下进行了阐述，并讨论了其潜在的功能意义。
