University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2010 Apr;38(3):377-88. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.3.377.
Research on category-based induction has documented a consistent typicality effect: Typical exemplars promote stronger inferences about their broader category than atypical exemplars. This work has been largely confined to categories whose central tendencies are also the most typical members of the category. Does the typicality effect apply to the broad set of categories for which the ideal category member is considered most typical? In experiments with natural and artificial categories, typicality and induction-strength ratings were obtained for ideal and central-tendency exemplars. Induction strength was greatest for the central-tendency exemplars, regardless of whether the central tendency or the ideal was rated more typical. These results suggest that the so-called "typicality" effect is a special case of a more universal central-tendency effect in category-based induction.
典型的范例比非典型的范例更能促进对其更广泛范畴的推断。这项工作主要局限于那些中心趋势也是范畴中最典型成员的范畴。典型性效应是否适用于被认为最典型的理想范畴成员的广泛范畴?在对自然和人工范畴的实验中,对理想范例和中心趋势范例进行了典型性和归纳强度的评定。无论中心趋势还是理想范例的评定更为典型,归纳强度都以中心趋势范例为最大。这些结果表明,所谓的“典型性”效应是范畴归纳中更普遍的中心趋势效应的一个特例。