在临时类别和明确类别中的类别验证过程中，典型性调节表现。
Typicality mediates performance during category verification in both ad-hoc and well-defined categories.
作者信息
Sandberg Chaleece, Sebastian Rajani, Kiran Swathi
机构信息
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
出版信息
J Commun Disord. 2012 Mar-Apr;45(2):69-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.12.004. Epub 2011 Dec 22.
BACKGROUND
The typicality effect is present in neurologically intact populations for natural, ad-hoc, and well-defined categories. Although sparse, there is evidence of typicality effects in persons with chronic stroke aphasia for natural and ad-hoc categories. However, it is unknown exactly what influences the typicality effect in this population.
AIMS
The present study explores the possible contributors to the typicality effect in persons with aphasia by analyzing and comparing data from both normal and language-disordered populations, from persons with aphasia with more semantic impairment versus those with less semantic impairment, and from two types of categories with very different boundary structure (ad-hoc vs. well-defined).
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
A total of 40 neurologically healthy adults (20 older, 20 younger) and 35 persons with aphasia (20 LSI (less-semantically impaired) patients, 15 MSI (more-semantically impaired) patients) participated in the study. Participants completed one of two tasks: either category verification for ad-hoc categories or category verification for well-defined categories.
OUTCOMES AND RESULTS
Neurologically healthy participants showed typicality effects for both ad-hoc and well-defined categories. MSI patients showed a typicality effect for well-defined categories, but not for ad-hoc categories, whereas LSI patients showed a typicality effect for ad-hoc categories, but not for well-defined categories.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the degree of semantic impairment mediates the typicality effect in persons with aphasia depending on the structure of the category.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After reading this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Describe the typicality effect and in which populations it occurs. (2) Explain how the typicality effect might change depending on category structure. (3) summarize how semantic impairment influences category representation and/or access.
背景
在神经功能正常的人群中，自然类别、临时类别和明确类别均存在典型性效应。虽然相关证据较少，但有证据表明慢性中风失语症患者在自然类别和临时类别上存在典型性效应。然而，目前尚不清楚究竟是什么因素影响了这一人群的典型性效应。
目的
本研究通过分析和比较正常人群和语言障碍人群、语义损伤程度较轻与较重的失语症患者以及两种边界结构差异很大的类别（临时类别与明确类别）的数据，探讨失语症患者典型性效应的可能影响因素。
方法和过程
共有40名神经功能正常的成年人（20名老年人，20名年轻人）和35名失语症患者（20名语义损伤较轻（LSI）的患者，15名语义损伤较重（MSI）的患者）参与了本研究。参与者完成两项任务之一：临时类别的类别验证或明确类别的类别验证。
结果
神经功能正常的参与者在临时类别和明确类别上均表现出典型性效应。MSI患者在明确类别上表现出典型性效应，但在临时类别上未表现出；而LSI患者在临时类别上表现出典型性效应，但在明确类别上未表现出。
结论
这些结果表明，语义损伤程度根据类别的结构介导了失语症患者的典型性效应。
学习成果
阅读本文后，读者应能够：（1）描述典型性效应及其发生的人群。（2）解释典型性效应如何根据类别结构而变化。（3）总结语义损伤如何影响类别表征和/或通达。
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