Keshavarzian A, Urban G, Sedghi S, Willson C, Sabella L, Sweeny C, Anderson K
Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991 Feb;15(1):116-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00528.x.
In man, acute ethanol administration decreases lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), prolongs the duration, and lowers the amplitude of esophageal contractions. These changes may contribute to gastroesophageal reflux and esophagitis. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of these changes an animal model is needed. Hence, we studied the effect of various doses of ethanol on esophageal motility in cats, an animal with an esophagus similar to man's. Similar to man, intravenous administration of ethanol significantly decreased LESP and amplitude of lower (smooth muscle portion) esophageal contractions. It also prolonged the duration of lower esophageal contractions, even through it had no effect on contraction velocity. The effect of ethanol on upper (striated muscle portion) esophagus was different. Ethanol had no effect on the amplitude of contractions, whereas it prolonged their duration and decreased their velocity. The effect of acute ethanol on LESP in four withdrawing alcoholic cats was similar to controls. However, the acute effect of ethanol on the esophageal contractions was less marked in alcoholics. Bilateral cervical vagotomy and intravenous injection of the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin before the administration of ethanol did not prevent the effect of ethanol on LESP. This data suggests that cat esophagus is a good model for studying the underlying mechanisms of the effects of acute ethanol because its response is similar to the esophagus of man, and the acute effect of ethanol on LESP is not neurally mediated but is the result of its direct effect on muscle.
在人类中，急性给予乙醇会降低食管下括约肌压力（LESP），延长其持续时间，并降低食管收缩的幅度。这些变化可能导致胃食管反流和食管炎。为了评估这些变化的潜在机制，需要一个动物模型。因此，我们研究了不同剂量乙醇对猫食管运动的影响，猫是一种食管与人相似的动物。与人类相似，静脉注射乙醇显著降低了LESP和食管下部（平滑肌部分）收缩的幅度。它还延长了食管下部收缩的持续时间，即使它对收缩速度没有影响。乙醇对食管上部（横纹肌部分）的影响不同。乙醇对收缩幅度没有影响，而延长了其持续时间并降低了其速度。急性乙醇对四只戒酒猫的LESP的影响与对照组相似。然而，乙醇对食管收缩的急性影响在酗酒者中不太明显。在给予乙醇之前进行双侧颈迷走神经切断术和静脉注射神经毒素河豚毒素并不能阻止乙醇对LESP的影响。这些数据表明，猫食管是研究急性乙醇作用潜在机制的良好模型，因为其反应与人类食管相似，并且乙醇对LESP的急性作用不是由神经介导的，而是其对肌肉直接作用的结果。
