Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Poult Sci. 2010 Apr;89(4):716-20. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00432.
In field conditions, a fasting period of 24 to 72 h after hatch is common, which is associated with delayed gastrointestinal development and yolk utilization and retarded subsequent performance. Hardly any information is available about the influence of diet composition in the first days on later life and additionally, effects of early feeding on thermoregulatory development are also not known. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of diet composition in early fed broiler chickens on their (thermoregulatory) development. Shortly after hatch, 200 Hybro chickens (initial BW of 43.6 g) were assigned to 1 of 5 feed treatments: control, dextrose, albumen, prestarter, or prestarter plus fat. Water was available ad libitum. Measurements were done in 10 replicates of 4 chickens per treatment. At d 2 or 3, half of the chickens were exposed to 20 degrees C for 30 min to determine resistance against cold exposure and rectal temperature was determined just before, immediately after, and 30 min after the end of this cold exposure. Thereafter, all chickens were killed to investigate body development. Chickens in both prestarter groups developed faster than in the other 3 groups, expressed by a higher BW, yolk-free body mass, heart and liver weight, and higher chick and intestine length. Between d 2 and 3, differences in these variables among chickens from both prestarter groups and other groups increased. Rectal temperature before cold exposure was higher in chickens from both prestarter groups (40.6 and 40.7 degrees C, respectively) and decreased less (0.6 and 0.7 degrees C, respectively) during cold exposure than in chickens from the control (39.5 and 1.2 degrees C, respectively) and albumen group (39.8 and 2.1 degrees C, respectively), whereas chickens from the dextrose group were in between (40.4 and 1.2 degrees C, respectively). We conclude that early fed diet composition in broiler chickens is (besides general development) important for development of both body temperature and resistance against cold exposure, probably as a reflection of a changed metabolic rate.
在野外条件下，孵化后禁食 24 至 72 小时是很常见的，这与延迟的胃肠道发育和蛋黄利用以及随后的表现迟缓有关。几乎没有关于在最初几天饮食组成对后期生活的影响的信息，此外，早期喂养对体温调节发育的影响也不清楚。本研究的目的是研究早期喂养肉鸡的饮食组成对其（体温调节）发育的影响。孵化后不久，将 200 只 Hybro 鸡（初始体重为 43.6 克）分配到 5 种饲料处理中的 1 种：对照组、葡萄糖、白蛋白、预混料或预混料加脂肪。水自由饮用。测量在每个处理的 10 个重复 4 只鸡中进行。在第 2 或 3 天，一半的鸡暴露在 20°C 下 30 分钟，以确定抗冷暴露能力，并在冷暴露前、立即和结束后 30 分钟测量直肠温度。之后，所有鸡被处死以研究身体发育。与其他 3 组相比，两个预混料组的鸡生长更快，表现为更高的体重、蛋黄去除体质量、心脏和肝脏重量以及更高的雏鸡和肠道长度。在第 2 天和第 3 天之间，两个预混料组和其他组之间的这些变量之间的差异增加。冷暴露前的直肠温度在两个预混料组的鸡中较高（分别为 40.6 和 40.7°C），在冷暴露期间下降较少（分别为 0.6 和 0.7°C），而在对照组（分别为 39.5 和 1.2°C）和白蛋白组（分别为 39.8 和 2.1°C），而葡萄糖组的鸡则介于两者之间（分别为 40.4 和 1.2°C）。我们得出结论，肉鸡早期喂养的饮食组成（除了一般发育外）对体温和抗冷暴露能力的发育都很重要，这可能反映了代谢率的变化。
