Nielsen Søren Saxmose, Alvarez Julio, Bicout Dominique Joseph, Calistri Paolo, Canali Elisabetta, Drewe Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji Bruno, Gonzales Rojas Jose Luis, Gortázar Schmidt Christian, Herskin Mette, Michel Virginie, Miranda Chueca Miguel Ángel, Padalino Barbara, Roberts Helen Clare, Spoolder Hans, Stahl Karl, Viltrop Arvo, Winckler Christoph, Mitchell Malcolm, Vinco Leonardo James, Voslarova Eva, Candiani Denise, Mosbach-Schulz Olaf, Van der Stede Yves, Velarde Antonio
EFSA J. 2022 Sep 7;20(9):e07441. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7441. eCollection 2022 Sep.
This opinion, produced upon a request from the European Commission, focuses on transport of domestic birds and rabbits in containers (e.g. any crate, box, receptacle or other rigid structure used for the transport of animals, but not the means of transport itself). It describes and assesses current transport practices in the EU, based on data from literature, Member States and expert opinion. The species and categories of domestic birds assessed were mainly chickens for meat (broilers), end-of-lay hens and day-old chicks. They included to a lesser extent pullets, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails and game birds, due to limited scientific evidence. The opinion focuses on road transport to slaughterhouses or to production sites. For day-old chicks, air transport is also addressed. The relevant stages of transport considered are preparation, loading, journey, arrival and uncrating. Welfare consequences associated with current transport practices were identified for each stage. For loading and uncrating, the highly relevant welfare consequences identified are handling stress, injuries, restriction of movement and sensory overstimulation. For the journey and arrival, injuries, restriction of movement, sensory overstimulation, motion stress, heat stress, cold stress, prolonged hunger and prolonged thirst are identified as highly relevant. For each welfare consequence, animal-based measures (ABMs) and hazards were identified and assessed, and both preventive and corrective or mitigative measures proposed. Recommendations on quantitative criteria to prevent or mitigate welfare consequences are provided for microclimatic conditions, space allowances and journey times for all categories of animals, where scientific evidence and expert opinion support such outcomes.
本意见是应欧盟委员会要求撰写的，重点关注家禽和家兔在容器中的运输（例如任何用于运输动物的板条箱、盒子、容器或其他刚性结构，但不包括运输工具本身）。它基于文献、成员国数据和专家意见，描述并评估了欧盟当前的运输做法。所评估的家禽种类和类别主要是肉用鸡（肉鸡）、产蛋末期母鸡和一日龄雏鸡。由于科学证据有限，火鸡、鸭、鹅、鹌鹑和猎禽等种类涉及较少。本意见重点关注运往屠宰场或生产场所的公路运输。对于一日龄雏鸡，也涉及航空运输。所考虑的运输相关阶段包括准备、装载、行程、抵达和开箱。针对每个阶段，确定了与当前运输做法相关的福利后果。对于装载和开箱，确定的高度相关福利后果是处理应激、受伤、行动受限和感觉过度刺激。对于行程和抵达，受伤、行动受限、感觉过度刺激、运动应激、热应激、冷应激、长期饥饿和长期口渴被确定为高度相关。针对每个福利后果，确定并评估了基于动物的措施（ABM）和危害，并提出了预防措施以及纠正或缓解措施。在科学证据和专家意见支持此类结果的情况下，针对所有动物类别，就预防或减轻福利后果的定量标准，提供了关于微气候条件、空间 allowance 和行程时间的建议。 （注：原文中“space allowances”这里“allowance”翻译为“ allowance”可能有误，推测可能是“space allowance”，意为“空间 allowance”，但不太明确其准确意思，暂保留原文。）
