Piras A, Lobietti R, Squatrito S
Department of Human and General Physiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2010 Mar;50(1):99-108.
Visual search strategy in sports may influence performance. Thus it is interesting to investigate oculo-motor behavior of athletes and its possible impingement upon sport training and coaching. The differences in fixations and saccadic eye movements between expert volleyball players and novice subjects was studied, by carrying out a precise analysis of gaze shifts during the observation of a standard game situation.
Fifteen professional athletes and fifteen non athletes watched at a volleyball filmed sequence in which a setter receives a pass tossed from the coach and sets it forward or backward. Then, the number and duration of fixations to specific interest areas (IAs) were counted. In addition, the sequences of saccades from each IA to the others were analyzed.
The results showed that expert players performed fewer fixations of longer duration and spent more time looking first at the initial pass trajectory and then at the setter's hands, disregarding the ball trajectory. The non athletes, instead, followed the whole course of the ball, before and after the hands touch.
These findings support the interpretation that experts volleyball players extract more task-relevant information from each fixation than do less skilled athletes, and that player's proficiency influences the strategy used in the treatment of visual information.
体育运动中的视觉搜索策略可能会影响表现。因此，研究运动员的眼动行为及其对运动训练和指导可能产生的影响很有意思。通过对标准比赛场景观察期间的注视转移进行精确分析，研究了专业排球运动员和新手受试者在注视和扫视眼动方面的差异。
15名职业运动员和15名非运动员观看一段排球比赛录像，录像中一名二传手接到教练抛出的传球后向前或向后传球。然后，统计对特定兴趣区域（IA）的注视次数和持续时间。此外，分析了从每个兴趣区域到其他区域的扫视序列。
结果表明，专业运动员的注视次数较少但持续时间较长，并且更多时间先看向最初的传球轨迹，然后看向二传手的手部，而忽略球的轨迹。相反，非运动员则在球被接住前后跟踪球的整个轨迹。
这些发现支持这样的解释，即专业排球运动员比技术较差的运动员从每次注视中提取更多与任务相关的信息，并且运动员的熟练程度会影响处理视觉信息所采用的策略。
