Piras Alessandro, Lobietti Roberto, Squatrito Salvatore
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Human and General Physiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:189268. doi: 10.1155/2014/189268. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
This paper aimed at comparing expert and novice volleyball players in a visuomotor task using realistic stimuli. Videos of a volleyball setter performing offensive action were presented to participants, while their eye movements were recorded by a head-mounted video based eye tracker. Participants were asked to foresee the direction (forward or backward) of the setter's toss by pressing one of two keys. Key-press response time, response accuracy, and gaze behaviour were measured from the first frame showing the setter's hand-ball contact to the button pressed by the participants. Experts were faster and more accurate in predicting the direction of the setting than novices, showing accurate predictions when they used a search strategy involving fewer fixations of longer duration, as well as spending less time in fixating all display areas from which they extract critical information for the judgment. These results are consistent with the view that superior performance in experts is due to their ability to efficiently encode domain-specific information that is relevant to the task.
本文旨在使用逼真的刺激，在一项视觉运动任务中比较专业排球运动员和新手排球运动员。向参与者展示排球二传手进行进攻动作的视频，同时通过基于头戴式视频的眼动仪记录他们的眼动。要求参与者通过按下两个键之一来预测二传手抛球的方向（向前或向后）。从显示二传手手球接触的第一帧到参与者按下按钮的时间，测量按键反应时间、反应准确性和注视行为。与新手相比，专家在预测传球方向上更快且更准确，当他们使用涉及较少且持续时间较长的注视次数的搜索策略时，能做出准确预测，并且在注视所有从中提取关键信息以进行判断的显示区域上花费的时间更少。这些结果与以下观点一致，即专家的卓越表现归因于他们有效编码与任务相关的特定领域信息的能力。
