Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2023 Oct;81(10):876-882. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1772830. Epub 2023 Oct 18.
The saccadic eye movement is responsible for providing focus to a visual object of interest to the retina. In sports like volleyball, identifying relevant targets quickly is essential to a masterful performance. The training improves cortical regions underlying saccadic action, enabling more automated processing in athletes.
We investigated changes in the latency during the saccadic eye movement and the absolute theta power on the frontal and prefrontal cortices during the execution of the saccadic eye movement task in volleyball athletes and non-athletes. We hypothesized that the saccade latency and theta power would be lower due to training and perceptual-cognitive enhancement in volleyball players.
We recruited 30 healthy volunteers: 15 volleyball athletes (11 men and 4 women; mean age: 15.08 ± 1.06 years) and 15 non-athletes (5 men and 10 women; mean age: 18.00 ± 1.46 years). All tasks were performed simultaneously with electroencephalography signal recording.
The latency of the saccadic eye movement presented a significant difference between the groups; a shorter time was observed among the athletes, associated with the players' superiority in terms of attention level. During the experiment, the athletes observed a decrease in absolute theta power compared to non-athletes on the electrodes of each frontal and prefrontal area.
In the present study, we observed the behavior of reaction time and absolute theta power in athletes and non-athletes during a saccadic movement task. Our findings corroborate the premise of cognitive improvement, mainly due to the reduction of saccadic latency and lower beta power, validating the neural efficiency hypothesis.
扫视眼动负责将注意力集中在视网膜上感兴趣的视觉物体上。在排球等运动中，快速识别相关目标对于出色的表现至关重要。训练可以改善与扫视动作相关的皮质区域，使运动员能够更自动地处理信息。
我们研究了排球运动员和非运动员执行扫视眼动任务时，扫视眼动潜伏期和额区和前额区绝对 theta 功率的变化。我们假设由于训练和感知认知增强，排球运动员的扫视潜伏期和 theta 功率会降低。
我们招募了 30 名健康志愿者：15 名排球运动员（11 男 4 女；平均年龄：15.08±1.06 岁）和 15 名非运动员（5 男 10 女；平均年龄：18.00±1.46 岁）。所有任务都同时进行，同时记录脑电图信号。
扫视眼动潜伏期在组间存在显著差异；运动员的时间更短，这与运动员在注意力水平方面的优势有关。在实验过程中，与非运动员相比，运动员在每个额区和前额区电极上的绝对 theta 功率都有所下降。
在本研究中，我们观察了运动员和非运动员在扫视运动任务中反应时间和绝对 theta 功率的行为。我们的发现证实了认知改善的前提，主要是由于扫视潜伏期的缩短和较低的 beta 功率，验证了神经效率假说。
