Maltezou Helena C
Department for Interventions in Healthcare Facilities, Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece.
Scand J Infect Dis. 2010 Jul;42(6-7):412-20. doi: 10.3109/00365541003699649.
In April 2009 a novel (pandemic) influenza A H1N1 virus was identified in Mexico and the USA and spread throughout the world over a short period of time. Although the virulence of novel influenza was no greater than that of seasonal influenza, a major patient load and wave of admissions were faced. There are few evidence-based data available to guide infection control measures for novel influenza, however what is clear is that the novel virus is a very efficient agent for rapid spread and onset of outbreaks in healthcare settings. There are few reports on the nosocomial transmission of novel influenza, however outbreaks with severe morbidity and mortality may occur among high-risk groups. Last y efforts were made in several countries to build infection control capacity in healthcare facilities and to improve employee and patient safety. Adherence of healthcare workers to recommendations for vaccination against novel influenza and the use of personal protective equipment are emerging as major obstacles in achieving this goal. The use of N95 respirators instead of surgical masks for all close contacts, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and in contrast with recommendations for seasonal influenza, is a major shift in everyday practice.
2009年4月，一种新型（大流行）甲型H1N1流感病毒在墨西哥和美国被发现，并在短时间内蔓延至全球。尽管新型流感的毒力并不比季节性流感更强，但仍面临大量患者和一波入院高峰。目前几乎没有循证数据可用于指导新型流感的感染控制措施，不过清楚的是，这种新型病毒是医疗环境中快速传播和引发疫情的高效媒介。关于新型流感医院内传播的报道很少，然而在高危人群中可能会发生具有严重发病率和死亡率的疫情。去年，多个国家努力在医疗机构中建立感染控制能力，并提高员工和患者的安全性。医护人员对新型流感疫苗接种建议的依从性以及个人防护设备的使用正成为实现这一目标的主要障碍。与季节性流感的建议相反，按照疾病控制与预防中心的建议，对所有密切接触者使用N95口罩而非外科口罩，这是日常实践中的一个重大转变。
