移动遗传元件携带哪些性状，原因是什么？
What traits are carried on mobile genetic elements, and why?
作者信息
Rankin D J, Rocha E P C, Brown S P
机构信息
Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
出版信息
Heredity (Edinb). 2011 Jan;106(1):1-10. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2010.24. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
Although similar to any other organism, prokaryotes can transfer genes vertically from mother cell to daughter cell, they can also exchange certain genes horizontally. Genes can move within and between genomes at fast rates because of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Although mobile elements are fundamentally self-interested entities, and thus replicate for their own gain, they frequently carry genes beneficial for their hosts and/or the neighbours of their hosts. Many genes that are carried by mobile elements code for traits that are expressed outside of the cell. Such traits are involved in bacterial sociality, such as the production of public goods, which benefit a cell's neighbours, or the production of bacteriocins, which harm a cell's neighbours. In this study we review the patterns that are emerging in the types of genes carried by mobile elements, and discuss the evolutionary and ecological conditions under which mobile elements evolve to carry their peculiar mix of parasitic, beneficial and cooperative genes.
尽管原核生物与其他任何生物体相似，能够将基因从母细胞垂直传递给子细胞，但它们也能以水平方式交换某些基因。由于移动遗传元件（MGEs），基因可以在基因组内和基因组间快速移动。尽管移动元件本质上是自私的实体，因此为自身利益进行复制，但它们经常携带对宿主和/或宿主邻居有益的基因。许多由移动元件携带的基因编码在细胞外表达的性状。这些性状涉及细菌社会性，例如产生对细胞邻居有益的公共物品，或产生对细胞邻居有害的细菌素。在本研究中，我们综述了移动元件所携带基因类型中出现的模式，并讨论了移动元件进化以携带其独特的寄生、有益和合作基因组合的进化和生态条件。
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