CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
Int J Biometeorol. 2011 Jan;55(1):67-85. doi: 10.1007/s00484-010-0309-1. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
The Canary Islands, due to their geographical position, constitute an adequate site for the study of long-range pollen transport from the surrounding land masses. In this study, we analyzed airborne pollen counts at two sites: Santa Cruz de Tenerife (SCO), at sea level corresponding to the marine boundary layer (MBL), and Izaña at 2,367 m.a.s.l. corresponding to the free troposphere (FT), for the years 2006 and 2007. We used three approaches to describe pollen transport: (1) a classification of provenances with an ANOVA test to describe pollen count differences between sectors; (2) a study of special events of high pollen concentrations, taking into consideration the corresponding meteorological synoptic pattern responsible for transport and back trajectories; and (3) a source-receptor model applied to a selection of the pollen taxa to show pollen source areas. Our results indicate several extra-regional pollen transport episodes to Tenerife. The main provenances were: (1) the Mediterranean region, especially the southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, through the trade winds in the MBL. These episodes were characterized by the presence of pollen from trees (Casuarina, Olea, Quercus perennial and deciduous types) mixed with pollen from herbs (Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae and Poaceae wild type). (2) The Saharan sector, through transport at the MBL level carrying pollen principally from herbs (Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae wild type) and, in one case, Casuarina pollen, uplifted to the free troposphere. And (3) the Sahel, characterized by low pollen concentrations of Arecaceae, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae wild type in sporadic episodes. This research shows that sporadic events of long-range pollen transport need to be taken into consideration in Tenerife as possible responsible agents in respiratory allergy episodes. In particular, it is estimated that 89-97% of annual counts of the highly allergenous Olea originates from extra-regional sources in southern Iberia and northern Africa.
加那利群岛由于其地理位置，成为研究来自周围陆地的长程花粉传输的理想地点。在本研究中，我们分析了 2006 年和 2007 年两个站点的空中花粉计数：圣克鲁斯德特内里费（SCO）位于海洋边界层（MBL）的海平面，以及伊扎尼亚（Izaña）的 2367 米海拔处，对应自由对流层（FT）。我们使用三种方法来描述花粉传输：（1）使用方差分析（ANOVA）测试对来源地进行分类，以描述扇区之间的花粉计数差异；（2）研究高花粉浓度的特殊事件，同时考虑负责传输的相应气象天气模式和轨迹；（3）应用源-汇模型对选择的花粉分类群进行分析，以显示花粉源区。我们的结果表明，有几个来自外部区域的花粉传输事件到达特内里费岛。主要的来源地是：（1）地中海地区，特别是伊比利亚半岛南部和摩洛哥，通过 MBL 的信风传输。这些事件的特征是存在来自树木（木麻黄、油橄榄、常绿和落叶栎属）的花粉与草本植物（蒿属、藜科/苋科和禾本科野生型）的花粉混合。（2）撒哈拉地区，通过 MBL 水平的传输携带主要来自草本植物（藜科/苋科、莎草科和禾本科野生型）的花粉，并且在一个案例中，还携带木麻黄花粉，被抬升到自由对流层。（3）萨赫勒地区，其特征是 Arecaceae、藜科/苋科、莎草科和禾本科野生型的花粉浓度较低，并且这些花粉是零星出现的。这项研究表明，在特内里费岛，需要考虑长程花粉传输的零星事件，它们可能是呼吸道过敏发作的原因之一。特别是，估计高度致敏的油橄榄属的年花粉计数的 89-97%来自伊比利亚半岛南部和北非的外部来源。
