Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1348-58. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28691. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
Anticarcinogenic activities of vitamin K have been observed in animal and cell studies.
On the basis of the growth inhibitory effects of vitamin K as observed in a variety of cancer cell lines, we hypothesized that dietary intake of phylloquinone (vitamin K(1)) and menaquinones (vitamin K(2)) may be associated with overall cancer incidence and mortality.
In the prospective EPIC-Heidelberg (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Heidelberg) cohort study, 24,340 participants aged 35-64 y and free of cancer at enrollment (1994-1998) were actively followed up for cancer incidence and mortality through 2008. Dietary vitamin K intake was estimated from food-frequency questionnaires completed at baseline by using HPLC-based food-composition data. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models.
During a median follow-up time of >10 y, 1755 incident cancer cases occurred, of which 458 were fatal. Dietary intake of menaquinones was nonsignificantly inversely associated with overall cancer incidence (HR for the highest compared with the lowest quartile: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.01; P for trend = 0.08), and the association was stronger for cancer mortality (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.98; P for trend = 0.03). Cancer risk reduction with increasing intake of menaquinones was more pronounced in men than in women, mainly driven by significant inverse associations with prostate (P for trend = 0.03) and lung (P for trend = 0.002) cancer. We found no association with phylloquinone intake.
These findings suggest that dietary intake of menaquinones, which is highly determined by the consumption of cheese, is associated with a reduced risk of incident and fatal cancer.
维生素 K 的抗癌活性已在动物和细胞研究中得到证实。
基于维生素 K 在多种癌细胞系中观察到的生长抑制作用，我们假设饮食中摄入叶绿醌（维生素 K(1)）和甲萘醌（维生素 K(2)）可能与总体癌症发病率和死亡率有关。
在前瞻性 EPIC-Heidelberg（欧洲癌症前瞻性调查与营养-Heidelberg）队列研究中，24340 名年龄在 35-64 岁且在入组时无癌症的参与者（1994-1998 年）通过使用 HPLC 基于食物成分数据的食物频率问卷进行了积极随访，以评估膳食维生素 K 的摄入量。使用 Cox 比例风险模型，通过多变量调整的风险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI）来估计。
在中位随访时间超过 10 年期间，发生了 1755 例新发癌症病例，其中 458 例死亡。甲萘醌的饮食摄入量与总体癌症发病率呈负相关（最高与最低四分位组相比的 HR：0.86；95%CI：0.73，1.01；P 趋势=0.08），且与癌症死亡率的相关性更强（HR：0.72；95%CI：0.53，0.98；P 趋势=0.03）。随着甲萘醌摄入量的增加，癌症风险的降低在男性中更为明显，主要归因于前列腺癌（P 趋势=0.03）和肺癌（P 趋势=0.002）的显著负相关。我们没有发现与叶绿醌摄入量相关的关联。
这些发现表明，饮食中甲萘醌的摄入与新发和致命癌症的风险降低有关，而甲萘醌的摄入主要取决于奶酪的摄入。
