Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Clin Nutr. 2017 Oct;36(5):1294-1300. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.08.017. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Vitamin K has been associated with various health outcomes, including non-fatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. However, little is known about the association between vitamin K intake and all-cause and cause specific mortality. This study aims to investigate the association between vitamin K intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
This prospective cohort study included 33,289 participants from the EPIC-NL cohort, aged 20-70 years at baseline and recruited between 1993 and 1997. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a validated food frequency questionnaire and intakes of phylloquinone, and total, short chain and long chain menaquinones were calculated. Information on vital status and causes of death was obtained through linkage to several registries. The association between the different forms of vitamin K intake and mortality was assessed with Cox proportional hazards, adjusted for risk factors for chronic diseases and nutrient intake.
During a mean follow-up of 16.8 years, 2863 deaths occurred, including 625 from CVD (256 from coronary heart disease (CHD)), 1346 from cancer and 892 from other causes. After multivariable adjustment, phylloquinone and menaquinones were not associated with all-cause mortality with hazard ratios for the upper vs. the lowest quartile of intake of 1.04 (0.92;1.17) and 0.94 (0.82;1.07) respectively. Neither phylloquinone intake nor menaquinone intake was associated with risk of CVD mortality. Higher intake of long chain menaquinones was borderline significantly associated (p = 0.06) with lower CHD mortality with a HR of 0.86 (0.74;1.00). None of the forms of vitamin K intake were associated with cancer mortality or mortality from other causes.
Vitamin K intake was not associated with all-cause mortality, cancer mortality and mortality from other causes.
维生素 K 与多种健康结果有关，包括非致命性心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症。然而，人们对维生素 K 摄入与全因和特定原因死亡率之间的关系知之甚少。本研究旨在调查维生素 K 摄入与全因和特定原因死亡率之间的关系。
这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了 EPIC-NL 队列中的 33289 名参与者，他们在基线时年龄为 20-70 岁，于 1993 年至 1997 年期间招募。基线时使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估膳食摄入量，并计算叶绿醌、总短链和长链甲萘醌的摄入量。通过与多个登记处的链接获取生命状态和死亡原因的信息。使用 Cox 比例风险模型评估不同形式的维生素 K 摄入与死亡率之间的关系，调整了慢性病风险因素和营养素摄入。
在平均 16.8 年的随访期间，发生了 2863 例死亡，其中 625 例死于 CVD（256 例死于冠心病（CHD）），1346 例死于癌症，892 例死于其他原因。经过多变量调整后，叶绿醌和甲萘醌与全因死亡率无关，摄入最高四分位与最低四分位的危险比分别为 1.04（0.92；1.17）和 0.94（0.82；1.07）。叶绿醌摄入或甲萘醌摄入均与 CVD 死亡率无关。长链甲萘醌摄入较高与 CHD 死亡率降低呈临界显著相关（p=0.06），危险比为 0.86（0.74；1.00）。维生素 K 的任何形式摄入均与癌症死亡率或其他原因死亡率无关。
维生素 K 摄入与全因死亡率、癌症死亡率和其他原因死亡率无关。
