Interdisciplinary Centre for Environment and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 May 15;44(10):3947-55. doi: 10.1021/es903183r.
Green exercise is activity in the presence of nature. Evidence shows it leads to positive short and long-term health outcomes. This multistudy analysis assessed the best regime of dose(s) of acute exposure to green exercise required to improve self-esteem and mood (indicators of mental health). The research used meta-analysis methodology to analyze 10 UK studies involving 1252 participants. Outcomes were identified through a priori subgroup analyses, and dose-responses were assessed for exercise intensity and exposure duration. Other subgroup analyses included gender, age group, starting health status, and type of habitat. The overall effect size for improved self-esteem was d = 0.46 (CI 0.34-0.59, p < 0.00001) and for mood d = 0.54 (CI 0.38-0.69, p < 0.00001). Dose responses for both intensity and duration showed large benefits from short engagements in green exercise, and then diminishing but still positive returns. Every green environment improved both self-esteem and mood; the presence of water generated greater effects. Both men and women had similar improvements in self-esteem after green exercise, though men showed a difference for mood. Age groups: for self-esteem, the greatest change was in the youngest, with diminishing effects with age; for mood, the least change was in the young and old. The mentally ill had one of the greatest self-esteem improvements. This study confirms that the environment provides an important health service.
绿色运动是在自然环境中进行的活动。有证据表明，它会带来积极的短期和长期健康结果。这项多研究分析评估了改善自尊和情绪（心理健康指标）所需的急性暴露于绿色运动的最佳剂量（剂量）。该研究使用荟萃分析方法分析了涉及 1252 名参与者的 10 项英国研究。通过事先的亚组分析确定了结果，并且评估了运动强度和暴露持续时间的剂量反应。其他亚组分析包括性别、年龄组、起始健康状况和栖息地类型。自尊改善的总体效应大小为 d = 0.46（CI 0.34-0.59，p < 0.00001），情绪改善的效应大小为 d = 0.54（CI 0.38-0.69，p < 0.00001）。强度和持续时间的剂量反应均显示出绿色运动的短期参与带来了巨大的益处，然后收益逐渐减少但仍然为正。每一种绿色环境都能提高自尊和情绪；水的存在会产生更大的影响。绿色运动后，男性和女性的自尊都有类似的提高，尽管男性的情绪有所不同。年龄组：对于自尊，变化最大的是最年轻的，随着年龄的增长，效果逐渐减弱；对于情绪，年轻人和老年人的变化最小。精神病患者的自尊改善最大。这项研究证实了环境提供了一项重要的健康服务。
