Breslow Rosalind A, Guenther Patricia M, Juan Wenyen, Graubard Barry I
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, 5635 Fishers Ln, Rm 2071, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Apr;110(4):551-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.12.026.
Little is known about associations between alcoholic beverage consumption, nutrient intakes, and diet quality, although each has been independently associated with chronic disease outcomes.
This study examines cross-sectional relationships between alcoholic beverage consumption, nutrient intakes, and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2005 [HEI-2005] scores) in the US adult population.
Data were from four cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2006). Weighted multiple regression analyses, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, and body mass index included 8,155 men and 7,715 women aged >or=20 years who reported their past-year alcoholic beverage consumption and 24-hour dietary intake. Alcoholic beverage consumption was defined by drinking status (never, former, current drinker) and, among current drinkers, by drinking level (number of drinks per day, on average: men <1 to >or=5; women <1 to >or=3).
Among men, there was no association between drinking status and intakes of energy, most nutrients, or total HEI-2005 score. Among women, former and current (compared to never) drinkers had significantly higher intakes of energy and several nutrients, and current drinkers had significantly lower total HEI-2005 scores (current drinkers 58.9; never drinkers 63.2). Among current drinkers of both sexes, as drinking level increased, intakes of energy and several nutrients significantly increased, whereas total HEI-2005 scores significantly decreased (from 55.9 to 41.5 in men, and from 59.5 to 51.8 in women).
Among men and women, increasing alcoholic beverage consumption was associated with a decline in total diet quality as measured by the HEI-2005, apparently due to higher energy intake from alcohol as well as other differences in food choices. Educational messages should focus on nutrition and chronic disease risk associated with high consumption of alcoholic beverages and poor food choices, including excessive energy intake.
尽管酒精饮料消费、营养素摄入量和饮食质量各自都与慢性病结局独立相关，但它们之间的关联却鲜为人知。
本研究调查了美国成年人群中酒精饮料消费、营养素摄入量和饮食质量（2005年健康饮食指数[HEI - 2005]得分）之间的横断面关系。
数据来自四个周期的美国国家健康和营养检查调查（1999 - 2006年）。加权多元回归分析对年龄、种族/民族、教育程度、吸烟状况和体重指数进行了调整，纳入了8155名年龄≥20岁的男性和7715名年龄≥20岁的女性，这些人报告了他们过去一年的酒精饮料消费情况和24小时饮食摄入量。酒精饮料消费根据饮酒状况（从不饮酒、曾经饮酒、当前饮酒者）定义，对于当前饮酒者，根据饮酒量（平均每天饮酒次数：男性<1至≥5次；女性<1至≥3次）定义。
在男性中，饮酒状况与能量、大多数营养素的摄入量或HEI - 2005总分之间没有关联。在女性中，曾经饮酒者和当前饮酒者（与从不饮酒者相比）的能量和几种营养素摄入量显著更高，而当前饮酒者的HEI - 2005总分显著更低（当前饮酒者为58.9；从不饮酒者为63.2）。在男女当前饮酒者中，随着饮酒量增加，能量和几种营养素的摄入量显著增加，而HEI - 2005总分显著下降（男性从55.9降至41.5，女性从59.5降至51.8）。
在男性和女性中，酒精饮料消费增加与HEI - 2005衡量的总体饮食质量下降有关，这显然是由于酒精摄入的能量增加以及食物选择的其他差异所致。教育信息应侧重于与高酒精饮料消费和不良食物选择（包括能量摄入过多）相关的营养和慢性病风险。
