Kopasker Daniel, Whybrow Stephen, McKenzie Lynda, McNamee Paul, Ludbrook Anne
University of Glasgow, SPHSU, United Kingdom.
University of Aberdeen, HERU, United Kingdom.
SSM Popul Health. 2022 Jul 19;19:101174. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101174. eCollection 2022 Sep.
On the 1st of May 2018 Scotland became the first country to introduce minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol sales. The objective of this study is to identify the effects of this policy instrument on food purchasing by evaluating a natural experiment.
Longitudinal analysis compares regions with similar characteristics but differing exposure to MUP (Scotland and the north of England). Secondary data from the Kantar Worldpanel on itemised purchases between April 2017 and April 2019 provided a total sample of 8051 households. The outcomes analysed are weekly household expenditure (£s) and purchase volume (grams), both overall and disaggregated to 16 product categories.
Following the introduction of MUP, total household food expenditure in Scotland declined by 1.0%, 95%CI [-1.9%, -0.0%], and total food volume declined by 0.8%, 95%CI [-1.7%, 0.2%] compared to the north of England. There is variation in response between product categories, with less spending on fruit and vegetables and increased spending on crisps and snacks.
Minimum unit pricing for alcohol has displaced some household food purchasing and the pattern of changes in food categories appears to be less desirable from a healthy diet perspective. However, changes caused by a minimum price at a nominal 50 pence per unit of alcohol are relatively small.
2018年5月1日，苏格兰成为首个对酒类销售实施最低单位定价（MUP）的国家。本研究的目的是通过评估一项自然实验来确定这一政策工具对食品购买的影响。
纵向分析比较了具有相似特征但MUP暴露程度不同的地区（苏格兰和英格兰北部）。来自凯度消费者指数（Kantar Worldpanel）的2017年4月至2019年4月期间的商品购买明细二级数据提供了一个总计8051户家庭的样本。分析的结果是家庭每周支出（英镑）和购买量（克），包括总体情况以及细分为16个产品类别的情况。
与英格兰北部相比，实施MUP后，苏格兰家庭食品总支出下降了1.0%，95%置信区间为[-1.9%，-0.0%]，食品总量下降了0.8%，95%置信区间为[-1.7%，0.2%]。不同产品类别之间的反应存在差异，水果和蔬菜的支出减少，薯片和零食的支出增加。
酒类最低单位定价取代了一些家庭食品购买，从健康饮食的角度来看，食品类别的变化模式似乎不太理想。然而，每单位酒精名义最低价格50便士所导致的变化相对较小。
