Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
J Dairy Sci. 2010 Apr;93(4):1561-5. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2713.
The objective was to determine the effect of sawdust bedding dry matter on the lying behavior of Holstein cows. Dry matter (DM) was varied systematically over 5 treatment levels to test how cows respond to damp bedding. This experiment was repeated during summer and winter to test if the effects of damp bedding varied with season. The 5 bedding treatments averaged (+/-SD) 89.8+/-3.7, 74.2+/-6.4, 62.2+/-6.3, 43.9+/-4.0, and 34.7+/-3.8% DM. Over the course of the trial, minimum and maximum temperatures in the barn were 2.6+/-2.0 and 6.8+/-2.2 degrees C in the winter and 13.3+/-2.5 and 22.6+/-4.1 degrees C in the summer. In both seasons, 5 groups of 3 nonlactating cows were housed in free stalls bedded with sawdust. Following a 5-d acclimation period on dry bedding, groups were exposed to the 5 bedding treatments in a 5 x 5 Latin square. Each treatment lasted 4 d, followed by 1 d when the cows were provided with dry bedding. Stall usage was assessed by 24-h video scanned at 5-min intervals. Responses were analyzed within group (n=5) as the observational unit. Bedding DM affected lying time, averaging 10.4+/-0.4 h/d on the wettest treatment and increasing to 11.5+/-0.4 h/d on the driest bedding. Lying time varied with season, averaging 12.1+/-0.4 h/d across treatments during the winter and 9.9+/-0.6 h/d during the summer, but season and bedding DM did not interact. These results indicate that access to dry bedding is important for dairy cows.
目的在于确定木屑垫料干物质对荷斯坦奶牛卧息行为的影响。通过 5 个处理水平系统地改变干物质（DM），以测试奶牛对潮湿垫料的反应。本实验在夏季和冬季重复进行，以测试潮湿垫料的影响是否随季节而变化。5 种垫料处理的平均（+/-SD）分别为 89.8+/-3.7%、74.2+/-6.4%、62.2+/-6.3%、43.9+/-4.0%和 34.7+/-3.8%DM。在试验过程中，谷仓内的最低和最高温度在冬季分别为 2.6+/-2.0 和 6.8+/-2.2°C，在夏季分别为 13.3+/-2.5 和 22.6+/-4.1°C。在两个季节中，5 组 3 头非泌乳奶牛被安置在自由牛舍中，铺有木屑垫料。在经过 5 天的干燥垫料适应期后，这些牛群接受了 5 种垫料处理的 5 x 5 拉丁方试验。每种处理持续 4 天，然后给牛提供 1 天的干燥垫料。通过每 5 分钟扫描一次的 24 小时视频评估牛舍的使用情况。对每组（n=5）内的反应进行分析，作为观察单位。垫料 DM 影响卧息时间，最湿处理的平均卧息时间为 10.4+/-0.4 小时/天，最干燥处理的卧息时间增加到 11.5+/-0.4 小时/天。卧息时间随季节而变化，冬季 5 种处理的平均卧息时间为 12.1+/-0.4 小时/天，夏季为 9.9+/-0.6 小时/天，但季节和垫料 DM 之间没有相互作用。这些结果表明，奶牛获得干燥垫料非常重要。
