Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Lancet. 2010 Apr 17;375(9723):1355-64. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60058-X. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
Although pricing policies for alcohol are known to be effective, little is known about how specific interventions affect health-care costs and health-related quality-of-life outcomes for different types of drinkers. We assessed effects of alcohol pricing and promotion policy options in various population subgroups.
We built an epidemiological mathematical model to appraise 18 pricing policies, with English data from the Expenditure and Food Survey and the General Household Survey for average and peak alcohol consumption. We used results from econometric analyses (256 own-price and cross-price elasticity estimates) to estimate effects of policies on alcohol consumption. We applied risk functions from systemic reviews and meta-analyses, or derived from attributable fractions, to model the effect of consumption changes on mortality and disease prevalence for 47 illnesses.
General price increases were effective for reduction of consumption, health-care costs, and health-related quality of life losses in all population subgroups. Minimum pricing policies can maintain this level of effectiveness for harmful drinkers while reducing effects on consumer spending for moderate drinkers. Total bans of supermarket and off-license discounting are effective but banning only large discounts has little effect. Young adult drinkers aged 18-24 years are especially affected by policies that raise prices in pubs and bars.
Minimum pricing policies and discounting restrictions might warrant further consideration because both strategies are estimated to reduce alcohol consumption, and related health harms and costs, with drinker spending increases targeting those who incur most harm.
Policy Research Programme, UK Department of Health.
虽然已经知道定价政策对酒精有影响，但对于特定干预措施如何影响不同类型饮酒者的医疗保健成本和与健康相关的生活质量结果却知之甚少。我们评估了在不同人群亚组中酒精定价和促销政策选择的效果。
我们构建了一个流行病学数学模型，以评估 18 种定价政策，使用来自支出和食品调查以及普通家庭调查的英国数据来评估平均和峰值酒精消费。我们使用计量经济学分析的结果（256 个自价格和交叉价格弹性估计）来估计政策对酒精消费的影响。我们应用来自系统评价和荟萃分析的风险函数，或从归因分数中得出的风险函数，来模拟消费变化对 47 种疾病的死亡率和疾病流行率的影响。
一般价格上涨对所有人群亚组的消费、医疗保健成本和与健康相关的生活质量损失都有降低作用。最低定价政策可以在保持有害饮酒者的这种效果的同时，减少对适度饮酒者消费支出的影响。超市和酒类专卖店折扣的全面禁令是有效的，但仅禁止大幅折扣几乎没有效果。18-24 岁的年轻成年饮酒者特别受到提高酒吧和酒吧价格的政策的影响。
最低定价政策和折扣限制可能值得进一步考虑，因为这两种策略都估计会降低酒精消费，以及相关的健康危害和成本，而增加饮酒者支出的目标是那些造成最大危害的人。
英国卫生部政策研究计划。
