Aquaculture, Biotechnology and Aquatic Animal Health Section, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, PO Box 5667, St. John's, NL A1C5X1, Canada.
Mar Environ Res. 2010 Jul;70(1):26-34. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.02.005. Epub 2010 Feb 26.
Produced water (PW) is the main discharge from the offshore oil industry and contains oil-derived compounds such as poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, alkylphenols, and heavy metals. Studies suggest that PW discharges may affect the biota over larger areas from the oil drilling sites at sea than originally predicted. We investigated the effects of chronic exposure to PW on some aspects of juvenile Atlantic cod immunity, stress response and growth by intermittently exposing fish to 0, 100 or 200 ppm of PW for 22 weeks. No significant effects of PW were observed on growth, hepatosomatic index, condition factor or plasma cortisol. The respiratory burst (RB) of circulating leukocytes was significantly elevated in the 100 ppm group only, while the RB of head-kidney leukocytes was significantly decreased in both the 100 and 200 ppm groups. Significant up-regulation of the mRNA expression of beta-2-microglobulin, immunoglobulin-M light chain and interleukins-1beta and -8 was observed in the 200 ppm group, while the down-regulation of interferon stimulated gene 15 was obvious for both the 100 and 200 ppm groups. The results suggest that chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PW causes modulations of the immune system of juvenile Atlantic cod with most immune parameters being stimulated, potentially resulting in an energetic cost that may be detrimental to the fish.
生产水（PW）是海上石油工业的主要排放物，含有油衍生化合物，如多环芳烃、酚类、烷基酚和重金属。研究表明，PW 排放可能会对海洋石油钻探点附近的生物区系产生比预期更大的影响。我们通过间歇性地将鱼暴露于 0、100 或 200ppm 的 PW 中 22 周，研究了慢性暴露于 PW 对大西洋幼鳕鱼免疫、应激反应和生长的一些方面的影响。PW 对生长、肝体比、条件系数或血浆皮质醇没有显著影响。仅在 100ppm 组中，循环白细胞的呼吸爆发（RB）显著升高，而在 100 和 200ppm 组中，头肾白细胞的 RB 均显著降低。在 200ppm 组中，β-2 微球蛋白、免疫球蛋白-M 轻链和白细胞介素-1β和-8 的 mRNA 表达明显上调，而干扰素刺激基因 15 在 100 和 200ppm 组中均明显下调。结果表明，慢性暴露于环境相关浓度的 PW 会导致大西洋幼鳕鱼免疫系统的调节，大多数免疫参数被刺激，这可能会导致能量消耗，对鱼类造成损害。
