Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2010 Aug;121(8):1176-86. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.12.039. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
The K-complex was first identified in human sleep EEG more than 70years ago, but the localization of its intracranial generators is an unresolved issue. In this study, K-complexes recorded using simultaneous scalp and intracranial EEG were analyzed to discover the intracranial distribution of the human K-complex.
Stereoelectroencephalographic recordings were performed in six patients with medically-refractory epilepsy. Full 10-20 scalp montages were used and intracranial macroelectrodes sampled medial, lateral and basal frontal and temporal cortices, medial and lateral parietal and occipital cortices, as well as the hippocampus and thalamus. Spontaneous K-complexes were visually identified in stage II sleep and averaged off-line.
The intracranial K-complex field was maximal over the anterior and superior aspects of the medial and lateral frontal lobe cortices, consistent with the frontal midline scalp EEG maximum. The frontal maximum surface-negative field was volume conducted as an inverted, positive field posteriorly and inferiorly, the polarity reversing laterally above the inferior temporal region and medially above the cingulate cortex.
As suggested by the scalp EEG topography, the intracranial distribution of the human K-complex is maximal over the anterior and superior frontal cortices. K-complex generation appears limited to cortical regions above the inferior temporal sulcus laterally, the cingulate sulcus medially and the parietooccipital junction posteriorly.
The human K-complex is produced by synchronous cortical activity that appears maximal intracranially over the superior medial and lateral aspects of the frontal lobes. The cingulate cortex and functionally related mesial temporal structures appear uninvolved in human K-complex generation.
K 复合波最早于 70 多年前在人类睡眠脑电图中被发现，但它的颅内发生器的定位仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。本研究通过分析同时记录的头皮和颅内脑电图中的 K 复合波，以发现人类 K 复合波的颅内分布。
对 6 例药物难治性癫痫患者进行立体脑电图记录。采用 10-20 头皮导联进行全头皮记录，并采用颅内微电极记录额极和额中回、额下回，颞极和颞中回，以及内、外侧顶叶和枕叶，以及海马和丘脑的皮质。在 II 期睡眠中，通过视觉识别自发的 K 复合波，并离线平均。
颅内 K 复合波的电场在额极和额中回的前上部分最大，与额中线头皮 EEG 最大的位置一致。额极的表面负场是容积传导的，呈倒置的正电场向后和向下，在颞下区外侧和扣带回内侧反转极性。
正如头皮 EEG 拓扑结构所表明的，人类 K 复合波的颅内分布在额极和额中回的前上部分最大。K 复合波的产生似乎仅限于颞下沟外侧、扣带回内侧和顶枕交界区上方的皮质区域。
人类 K 复合波是由同步的皮质活动产生的，在额极和额中回的上内侧部分，颅内的活动最大。扣带回皮质和功能相关的内侧颞叶结构似乎不参与人类 K 复合波的产生。
