Stokes A, Bawden H N, Camfield P R, Backman J E, Dooley J M
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Pediatrics. 1991 Jun;87(6):936-42.
To explore the social adjustment and peer relationships of children with Tourette's disorder, 29 patients with mild to moderate Tourette's disorder were studied. Children underwent neuropsychological testing. The patients completed self-esteem scales and their parents and teachers completed behavior rating scales. Peer relationships were examined with the Pupil Evaluation Inventory, which is a sociometric questionnaire completed by the child's classmates and provides measures of aggression, withdrawal, and likability. As a group, Tourette's disorder patients were significantly more withdrawn, more aggressive, and less popular than their classmates. Thirty-five percent of the children with Tourette's disorder received the lowest rating in the class on one or more of the Pupil Evaluation Inventory factors. These social problems were not predicted by the frequency or duration of tics. A clinical diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and teachers' ratings on the summary scale of the Child Behavior Checklist and the Pupil Evaluation Inventory did predict poor adjustment. It is concluded that social adjustment is a major difficulty for many children with Tourette's disorder, irrespective of tic severity.
为探究抽动秽语综合征患儿的社会适应及同伴关系，对29例轻至中度抽动秽语综合征患儿进行了研究。患儿接受了神经心理学测试。患者完成自尊量表，其父母和教师完成行为评定量表。通过学生评价量表来考察同伴关系，该量表是一份由孩子的同学填写的社会测量问卷，可提供攻击性行为、退缩行为及受欢迎程度的测量指标。总体而言，抽动秽语综合征患者比他们的同学明显更退缩、更具攻击性且更不受欢迎。35%的抽动秽语综合征患儿在学生评价量表的一个或多个因素上在班级中获得最低评分。这些社会问题并非由抽动的频率或持续时间所预测。注意力缺陷多动障碍的临床诊断以及教师在儿童行为清单总结量表和学生评价量表上的评分确实能预测适应不良情况。研究得出结论，无论抽动严重程度如何，社会适应对许多抽动秽语综合征患儿来说都是一个主要难题。
