Yamamuro Kazuhiko
Department of Psychiatry Nara Medical University School of Medicine Kashihara Japan.
PCN Rep. 2022 Nov 30;1(4):e59. doi: 10.1002/pcn5.59. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive optical technique that uses the near-infrared spectrum for functional neuroimaging by measuring oxygenation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex. The advantages of NIRS include its portability and ease of application, which allows for testing with the subject in natural positions, such as sitting or standing. Since 1994, NIRS has been increasingly used to conduct functional activation studies on different psychiatric disorders, most prominently schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, limited information on its use among child and adolescent patients is available. We herein review recent findings obtained using NIRS measurements of the brain during cognitive tasks in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette's disorder. This will facilitate evaluations of the causation and treatment of prefrontal cortex dysfunctions.
近红外光谱技术（NIRS）是一种非侵入性光学技术，它通过测量大脑皮层的氧合作用和血流动力学变化，利用近红外光谱进行功能性神经成像。NIRS的优点包括其便携性和易于应用，这使得可以在自然姿势（如坐姿或站姿）下对受试者进行测试。自1994年以来，NIRS越来越多地用于对不同精神疾病进行功能性激活研究，最主要的是精神分裂症、抑郁症、双相情感障碍和神经发育障碍。然而，关于其在儿童和青少年患者中的使用信息有限。我们在此回顾了在神经发育障碍（如自闭症谱系障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍、强迫症和抽动秽语综合征）的认知任务期间使用NIRS测量大脑所获得的最新研究结果。这将有助于评估前额叶皮层功能障碍的病因和治疗方法。
